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While Transformer architectures have demonstrated impressive scalability across domains, they continue to face challenges in long-context reasoning, computational efficiency, and structural generalization - largely due to rigid layer…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Haochen You , Baojing Liu

We address the fundamental incompatibility of attention-based encoder-decoder (AED) models with long-form acoustic encodings. AED models trained on segmented utterances learn to encode absolute frame positions by exploiting limited acoustic…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-17 Pawel Swietojanski , Xinwei Li , Mingbin Xu , Takaaki Hori , Dogan Can , Xiaodan Zhuang

This paper presents a novel approach, Spectral-Interpretable and -Enhanced Transformer (SIEFormer), which leverages spectral analysis to reinterpret the attention mechanism within Vision Transformer (ViT) and enhance feature adaptability,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-16 Chunming Li , Shidong Wang , Tong Xin , Haofeng Zhang

Image restoration has witnessed significant advancements with the development of deep learning models. Transformer-based models, particularly those using window-based self-attention, have become a dominant force. However, their performance…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Gang Wu , Junjun Jiang , Kui Jiang , Xianming Liu , Liqiang Nie

In this paper, we propose an extension to Longformer Encoder-Decoder, a popular sparse transformer architecture. One common challenge with sparse transformers is that they can struggle with encoding of long range context, such as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-14 Evan Lucas , Dylan Kangas , Timothy C Havens

Translation equivariance is a fundamental inductive bias in image restoration, ensuring that translated inputs produce translated outputs. Attention mechanisms in modern restoration transformers undermine this property, adversely impacting…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-24 JiaKui Hu , Zhengjian Yao , Lujia Jin , Hangzhou He , Yanye Lu

SqueezeFormer has recently shown impressive performance in automatic speech recognition (ASR). However, its inference speed suffers from the quadratic complexity of softmax-attention (SA). In addition, limited by the large convolution…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-03-16 Yuguang Yang , Yu Pan , Jingjing Yin , Jiangyu Han , Lei Ma , Heng Lu

Transformer models rely on self-attention to capture token dependencies but face challenges in effectively integrating positional information while allowing multi-head attention (MHA) flexibility. Prior methods often model semantic and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Jintian Shao , Hongyi Huang , Jiayi Wu , Beiwen Zhang , ZhiYu Wu , You Shan , MingKai Zheng

Transformer-based models have achieved remarkable success in multivariate time series forecasting (MTSF) by capturing long-range dependencies. However, their widespread adoption is hindered by the quadratic computational complexity of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Fanpu Cao , Shu Yang , Zhengjian Chen , Ye Liu , Laizhong Cui

Embedding-based Retrieval Models (ERMs) have emerged as a promising framework for large-scale text retrieval problems due to powerful large language models. Nevertheless, fine-tuning ERMs to reach state-of-the-art results can be expensive…

Vision Transformer (ViT) has made significant advancements in computer vision, thanks to its token mixer's sophisticated ability to capture global dependencies between all tokens. However, the quadratic growth in computational demands as…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Guoan Xu , Wenfeng Huang , Wenjing Jia , Jiamao Li , Guangwei Gao , Guo-Jun Qi

Understanding user intent is essential for situational and context-aware decision-making. Motivated by a real-world scenario, this work addresses intent predictions of smart device users in the vicinity of vehicles by modeling sequential…

In this paper, we propose Stacked DeBERT, short for Stacked Denoising Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers. This novel model improves robustness in incomplete data, when compared to existing systems, by designing a novel…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-01-15 Gwenaelle Cunha Sergio , Minho Lee

Semantic segmentation based on sparse annotation has advanced in recent years. It labels only part of each object in the image, leaving the remainder unlabeled. Most of the existing approaches are time-consuming and often necessitate a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-02-28 Hui Su , Yue Ye , Wei Hua , Lechao Cheng , Mingli Song

The exploration of mutual-benefit cross-domains has shown great potential toward accurate self-supervised depth estimation. In this work, we revisit feature fusion between depth and semantic information and propose an efficient local…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-07 Daitao Xing , Jinglin Shen , Chiuman Ho , Anthony Tzes

We present iBERT (interpretable-BERT), an encoder to produce inherently interpretable and controllable embeddings - designed to modularize and expose the discriminative cues present in language, such as semantic or stylistic structure. Each…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Vishal Anand , Milad Alshomary , Kathleen McKeown

Modern vision models achieve remarkable accuracy, but explaining where evidence arises, what the model encodes, and how internal computations assemble that evidence remains fragmented. We introduce an iERF-centric framework that unifies…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-04 Yearim Kim , Sangyu Han , Nojun Kwak

When applying the Transformer architecture to source code, designing a good self-attention mechanism is critical as it affects how node relationship is extracted from the Abstract Syntax Trees (ASTs) of the source code. We present Code…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-04-10 Saeyoon Oh , Shin Yoo

Modern automotive systems leverage deep neural networks (DNNs) for semantic segmentation and operate in two key application areas: (1) In-car, where the DNN solely operates in the vehicle without strict constraints on the data rate. (2)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Danish Nazir , Gowtham Sai Inti , Timo Bartels , Jan Piewek , Thorsten Bagdonat , Tim Fingscheidt

Most instance segmentation models are not end-to-end trainable due to either the incorporation of proposal estimation (RPN) as a pre-processing or non-maximum suppression (NMS) as a post-processing. Here we propose a novel end-to-end…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-02-25 Kaining Ying , Zhenhua Wang , Cong Bai , Pengfei Zhou