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Related papers: Towards Robust Knowledge Tracing Models via k-Spar…

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We review and evaluate a body of deep learning knowledge tracing (DLKT) models with openly available and widely-used data sets, and with a novel data set of students learning to program. The evaluated knowledge tracing models include…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-06 Sami Sarsa , Juho Leinonen , Arto Hellas

Knowledge Tracing (KT) predicts future performance by modeling students' historical interactions, and understanding students' affective states can enhance the effectiveness of KT, thereby improving the quality of education. Although…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Xinjie Sun , Kai Zhang , Qi Liu , Shuanghong Shen , Fei Wang , Yuxiang Guo , Enhong Chen

Knowledge tracing (KT) plays a crucial role in computer-aided education and intelligent tutoring systems, aiming to assess students' knowledge proficiency by predicting their future performance on new questions based on their past response…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-06-03 Jiajun Cui , Minghe Yu , Bo Jiang , Aimin Zhou , Jianyong Wang , Wei Zhang

Knowledge Tracing (KT) has been an established problem in the educational data mining field for decades, and it is commonly assumed that the underlying learning process being modeled remains static. Given the ever-changing landscape of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-05 Morgan Lee , Artem Frenk , Eamon Worden , Karish Gupta , Thinh Pham , Ethan Croteau , Neil Heffernan

This paper presents novel techniques for enhancing the performance of knowledge tracing (KT) models by focusing on the crucial factor of question and concept difficulty level. Despite the acknowledged significance of difficulty, previous KT…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-20 Unggi Lee , Sungjun Yoon , Joon Seo Yun , Kyoungsoo Park , YoungHoon Jung , Damji Stratton , Hyeoncheol Kim

Knowledge tracing (KT) has recently been an active research area of computational pedagogy. The task is to model students' mastery level of knowledge concepts based on their responses to the questions in the past, as well as predict the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-15 Shanghui Yang , Mengxia Zhu , Xuesong Lu

Knowledge Tracing (KT) is to trace the knowledge of students as they solve a sequence of problems represented by their related skills. This involves abstract concepts of students' states of knowledge and the interactions between those…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2019-08-09 Jinseok Lee , Dit-Yan Yeung

Knowledge Tracing (KT) aims to determine whether students will respond correctly to the next question, which is a crucial task in intelligent tutoring systems (ITS). In educational KT scenarios, transductive ID-based methods often face…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Lingyue Fu , Hao Guan , Kounianhua Du , Jianghao Lin , Wei Xia , Weinan Zhang , Ruiming Tang , Yasheng Wang , Yong Yu

The field of Knowledge Tracing aims to understand how students learn and master knowledge over time by analyzing their historical behaviour data. To achieve this goal, many researchers have proposed Knowledge Tracing models that use data…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-05-09 Zhaoxing Li , Jujie Yang , Jindi Wang , Lei Shi , Sebastian Stein

Knowledge Tracing (KT), which aims to model student knowledge level and predict their performance, is one of the most important applications of user modeling. Modern KT approaches model and maintain an up-to-date state of student knowledge…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2022-10-18 Chunpai Wang , Shaghayegh Sahebi , Siqian Zhao , Peter Brusilovsky , Laura O. Moraes

Knowledge Tracing (KT) is fundamental to intelligent education systems, yet relies on educational logs that are selectively observed. The non-random nature of exercise recommendations and student choices inevitably induces severe selection…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Peilin Zhan , Wei Chen , Weilin Chen , Shuyi Pan , Ruichu Cai

The emerging collaborative information-based knowledge tracing (KT) has been a promising way to enhance modeling of learners' knowledge states. The core idea is to extract the collaborative information from interaction sequences of other…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Yuhao Jia , Duantengchuan Li , Jinsong Chen , Zhongjie Mao , Mingwen Tong , Yue Li , Xiaoguang Wang

As the rapid development of Intelligent Tutoring Systems (ITS) in the past decade, tracing the students' knowledge state has become more and more important in order to provide individualized learning guidance. This is the main idea of…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-05-18 Zhongfeng Jia , Wei Su , Jiamin Liu , Wenli Yue

Knowledge tracing (KT) is a fundamental task in educational data mining that mainly focuses on students' dynamic cognitive states of skills. The question-answering process of students can be regarded as a thinking process that considers the…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2022-10-18 Haotian Zhang , Chenyang Bu , Fei Liu , Shuochen Liu , Yuhong Zhang , Xuegang Hu

Knowledge Tracing aims to assess student learning states by predicting their performance in answering questions. Different from the existing research which utilizes fixed-length learning sequence to obtain the student states and regards KT…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-31 Ke Cheng , Linzhi Peng , Pengyang Wang , Junchen Ye , Leilei Sun , Bowen Du

Knowledge Tracing (KT) aims to model student's knowledge state and predict future performance to enable personalized learning in Intelligent Tutoring Systems. However, traditional KT methods face fundamental limitations in explainability,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-29 Jungyang Park , Suho Kang , Jaewoo Park , Jaehong Kim , Jaewoo Shin , Seonjoon Park , Youngjae Yu

With the recent surge in personalized learning, Intelligent Tutoring Systems (ITS) that can accurately track students' individual knowledge states and provide tailored learning paths based on this information are in demand as an essential…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Wonbeen Lee , Channyoung Lee , Junho Sohn , Hansam Cho

Knowledge Tracing (KT) aims to estimate a learner's evolving mastery based on interaction histories. Recent studies have explored Large Language Models (LLMs) for KT via autoregressive nature, but such approaches typically require…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Unggi Lee , Joo Young Kim , Ran Ju , Minyoung Jung , Jeyeon Eo

Knowledge tracing (KT) is the problem of predicting students' future performance based on their historical interactions with intelligent tutoring systems. Recent studies have applied multiple types of deep neural networks to solve the KT…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-02-17 Zitao Liu , Qiongqiong Liu , Jiahao Chen , Shuyan Huang , Boyu Gao , Weiqi Luo , Jian Weng

The rise of online learning has led to the development of various knowledge tracing (KT) methods. However, existing methods have overlooked the problem of increasing computational cost when utilizing large graphs and long learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-28 Donghee Han , Daehee Kim , Minjun Lee , Daeyoung Roh , Keejun Han , Mun Yong Yi