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Since the introduction of the European General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) and the California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA), software developers increasingly have to make privacy-related decisions during system design and…
Over the past few years an increasing number of states in the US have adopted new privacy laws. The majority of these laws require compliance with universal opt-out mechanisms (UOOMs), which allow consumers to send legally binding opt-out…
In an era where external data and computational capabilities far exceed statistical agencies' own resources and capabilities, they face the renewed challenge of protecting the confidentiality of underlying microdata when publishing…
While the COVID-19 pandemic continues to be as complex as ever, the collection and exchange of data in the light of fighting coronavirus poses a major challenge for privacy systems around the globe. The disease's size and magnitude is not…
Over time, the distribution of medical image data drifts due to factors such as shifts in patient demographics, acquisition devices, and disease manifestations. While human radiologists can adjust their expertise to accommodate such…
European Law now requires AI to be explainable in the context of adverse decisions affecting European Union (EU) citizens. At the same time, it is expected that there will be increasing instances of AI failure as it operates on imperfect…
Complying with the European Union (EU) perspective on human rights goes or should go together with handling ethical, social and legal challenges arising due to the use of biometrics technology as border control technology. While there is no…
As information economies burgeon, they unlock innovation and economic wealth while posing novel threats to civil liberties and altering power dynamics between individuals, companies, and governments. Legislatures have reacted with privacy…
Privacy and data protection have become more and more important in recent years since an increasing number of enterprises and startups are harvesting personal data as a part of their business model. One central requirement of the GDPR is…
The received wisdom is that artificial intelligence (AI) is a competition between the US and China. In this chapter, the author will examine how the European Union (EU) fits into that mix and what it can offer as a third way to govern AI.…
This report summarizes the European Union's series of data and AI regulations and analyzes them for managers in automotive vehicle manufacturing organizations. In particular, we highlight the relevant ideas of the regulations, including how…
Broadband connectivity is a key metric in today's economy. In an era of rapid expansion of the digital economy, it directly impacts GDP. Furthermore, with the COVID-19 guidelines of social distancing, internet connectivity became necessary…
The General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) aims to ensure that all personal data processing activities are fair and transparent for the European Union (EU) citizens, regardless of whether these are carried out within the EU or anywhere…
Emerging discussions on the responsible government use of algorithmic technologies propose transparency and public participation as key mechanisms for preserving accountability and trust. But in practice, the adoption and use of any…
The rapid proliferation of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies has led to a dynamic regulatory landscape, where legislative frameworks strive to keep pace with technical advancements. As AI paradigms shift towards greater autonomy,…
A new Cyber Resilience Act (CRA) was recently agreed upon in the European Union (EU). The paper examines and elaborates what new requirements the CRA entails by contrasting it with the older General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR).…
Personal data related to a user's activities, preferences and services, is considered to be a valuable commodity not only for a wide range of technology-oriented companies like Google, Amazon and Apple but also for more traditional…
The first generation of European e-passports will be issued in 2006. We discuss how borders are crossed regarding the security and privacy erosion of the proposed schemes, and show which borders need to be crossed to improve the security…
Web tracking by ad networks, social networks, and other third parties is privacy-invasive. To protect users' privacy an increasing number of countries are adopting new privacy laws. However, a major reason why their application on the web…
Based on Article 35 of the EU (European Union) General Data Protection Regulation, a Data Protection Impact Assessment (DPIA) is necessary whenever there is a possibility of a high privacy and data protection risk to individuals caused by a…