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Blockchain has recently been depicted as a secure protocol for information exchange in cyber-physical microgrids. However, it is still found vulnerable to consensus manipulation attacks. These stealth attacks are often difficult to detect…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-03-09 Suman Rath , Lam Duc Nguyen , Subham Sahoo , Petar Popovski

Despite the great potential of Federated Learning (FL) in large-scale distributed learning, the current system is still subject to several privacy issues due to the fact that local models trained by clients are exposed to the central…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-05-12 Truc Nguyen , Phuc Thai , Tre' R. Jeter , Thang N. Dinh , My T. Thai

The main goal of this article is to present a direct approach for the formula giving the long-term apparent hashrates of Selfish Mining strategies using only elementary probabilities and combinatorics, more precisely, Dyck words. We can…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-04-17 Cyril Grunspan , Ricardo Pérez-Marco

Cryptocurrency has been subject to illicit activities probably more often than traditional financial assets due to the pseudo-anonymous nature of its transacting entities. An ideal detection model is expected to achieve all three critical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-28 Ling Cheng , Feida Zhu , Yong Wang , Ruicheng Liang , Huiwen Liu

Illicit crypto-mining leverages resources stolen from victims to mine cryptocurrencies on behalf of criminals. While recent works have analyzed one side of this threat, i.e.: web-browser cryptojacking, only commercial reports have partially…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-09-26 Sergio Pastrana , Guillermo Suarez-Tangil

Selfish mining, which is an attack on the integrity of the Bitcoin network, was first proposed by Cornell researchers Emin Gun Sirer and Ittay Eyal in 2013. Selfish mining attack also exists in most Nakamoto consensus protocols. Generally…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2018-09-18 Rui Tian , Wei Gong

Bitcoin is firmly becoming a mainstream asset in our global society. Its highly volatile nature has traders and speculators flooding into the market to take advantage of its significant price swings in the hope of making money. This work…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-29 Nathan Crone , Eoin Brophy , Tomas Ward

Bitcoin-NG is an extensible blockchain protocol based on the same trust model as Bitcoin. It divides each epoch into one Key-Block and multiple Micro-Blocks, effectively improving transaction processing capacity. Bitcoin-NG adopts a special…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-06-07 Junjie Hu , Zhe Jiang , Chunxiang Xu

For preserving privacy, blockchains can be equipped with dedicated mechanisms to anonymize participants. However, these mechanism often take only the abstraction layer of blockchains into account whereas observations of the underlying…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2018-07-31 David Mödinger , Henning Kopp , Frank Kargl , Franz J. Hauck

We propose a model suggesting that honest-but-rational consensus participants may play timing games, and strategically delay their block proposal to optimize MEV capture, while still ensuring the proposal's timely inclusion in the canonical…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2023-05-17 Caspar Schwarz-Schilling , Fahad Saleh , Thomas Thiery , Jennifer Pan , Nihar Shah , Barnabé Monnot

We study the incentives behind double-spend attacks on Nakamoto-style Proof-of-Work cryptocurrencies. In these systems, miners are allowed to choose which transactions to reference with their block, and a common strategy for selecting…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2023-12-14 Yanni Georghiades , Rajesh Mishra , Karl Kreder , Sriram Vishwanath

We improve the fundamental security threshold of eventual consensus Proof-of-Stake (PoS) blockchain protocols under the longest-chain rule by showing, for the first time, the positive effect of rounds with concurrent honest leaders. Current…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2020-07-30 Aggelos Kiayias , Saad Quader , Alexander Russell

Cake-cutting algorithms, which aim to fairly allocate a continuous resource based on individual agent preferences, have seen significant progress over the past two decades. Much of the research has concentrated on fairness, with…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-11-14 Yaron Salman , Tamir Tassa , Omer Lev , Roie Zivan

Maximal Extractable Value (MEV) drives the prosperity of the blockchain ecosystem. By strategically including, excluding, or reordering transactions within blocks, block producers can extract additional value, which in turn incentivizes…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-10-11 Tianyang Chi , Ningyu He , Xiaohui Hu , Haoyu Wang

Permisionless decentralized ledgers ("blockchains") such as the one underlying the cryptocurrency Bitcoin allow anonymous participants to maintain the ledger, while avoiding control or "censorship" by any single entity. In contrast,…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2016-06-27 Maurice Herlihy , Mark Moir

The security of Bitcoin protocols is deeply dependent on the incentives provided to miners, which come from a combination of block rewards and transaction fees. As Bitcoin experiences more halving events, the protocol reward converges to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-12 Roozbeh Sarenche , Alireza Aghabagherloo , Svetla Nikova , Bart Preneel

Permissionless blockchains such as Bitcoin have excelled at financial services. Yet, opportunistic traders extract monetary value from the mesh of decentralized finance (DeFi) smart contracts through so-called blockchain extractable value…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-12-13 Kaihua Qin , Liyi Zhou , Arthur Gervais

Low transaction throughput and poor scalability are significant issues in public blockchain consensus protocols such as Bitcoins. Recent research efforts in this direction have proposed shard-based consensus protocols where the key idea is…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2018-09-26 Mohammad Hossein Manshaei , Murtuza Jadliwala , Anindya Maiti , Mahdi Fooladgar

Strategic mining attacks, such as selfish mining, exploit blockchain consensus protocols by deviating from honest behavior to maximize rewards. Markov Decision Process (MDP) analysis faces scalability challenges in modern digital economics,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-26 Jichen Li , Lijia Xie , Hanting Huang , Bo Zhou , Binfeng Song , Wanying Zeng , Xiaotie Deng , Xiao Zhang

We analyze bribing attacks in Proof-of-Stake distributed ledgers from a game theoretic perspective. In bribing attacks, an adversary offers participants a reward in exchange for instructing them how to behave, with the goal of attacking the…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-06-21 Dimitris Karakostas , Aggelos Kiayias , Thomas Zacharias