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Energy is now a critical ML computing resource. While measuring energy consumption and observing trends is a valuable first step, accurately understanding and diagnosing why those differences occur is crucial for optimization. To that end,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Jae-Won Chung , Ruofan Wu , Jeff J. Ma , Mosharaf Chowdhury

This paper critically examines the AI Act's provisions on climate-related transparency, highlighting significant gaps and challenges in its implementation. We identify key shortcomings, including the exclusion of energy consumption during…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-09-13 Nicolas Alder , Kai Ebert , Ralf Herbrich , Philipp Hacker

Due to increased computing use, data centers consume and emit a lot of energy and carbon. These contributions are expected to rise as big data analytics, digitization, and large AI models grow and become major components of daily working…

Accurate energy consumption prediction is crucial for optimizing the operation of electric commercial heavy-duty vehicles, e.g., route planning for charging. Moreover, understanding why certain predictions are cast is paramount for such a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-28 Yuantao Fan , Zhenkan Wang , Sepideh Pashami , Slawomir Nowaczyk , Henrik Ydreskog

As machine learning (ML) and artificial intelligence (AI) technologies become more widespread, concerns about their environmental impact are increasing due to the resource-intensive nature of training and inference processes. Green AI…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-01-06 Vincenzo De Martino , Silverio Martínez-Fernández , Fabio Palomba

The substantial increase in AI model training has considerable environmental implications, mandating more energy-efficient and sustainable AI practices. On the one hand, data-centric approaches show great potential towards training…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-20 Mohammed Alswaitti , Roberto Verdecchia , Grégoire Danoy , Pascal Bouvry , Johnatan Pecero

This paper presents an approach integrating explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) techniques with adaptive learning to enhance energy consumption prediction models, with a focus on handling data distribution shifts. Leveraging SHAP…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-08 Tobias Clement , Hung Truong Thanh Nguyen , Nils Kemmerzell , Mohamed Abdelaal , Davor Stjelja

We executed 24,000 search queries in 243 countries, generating 2.8 million AI and traditional search results in 2024 and 2025. We found a rapid global expansion of AI search and key trends that reflect important, previously hidden, policy…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-02-20 Sinan Aral , Haiwen Li , Rui Zuo

The skyrocketing demand for artificial intelligence (AI) has created an enormous appetite for globally deployed power-hungry servers. As a result, the environmental footprint of AI systems has come under increasing scrutiny. More crucially,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-24 Mohammad Hajiesmaili , Shaolei Ren , Ramesh K. Sitaraman , Adam Wierman

The recent, super-exponential scaling of autonomous Large Language Model (LLM) agents signals a broader, fundamental paradigm shift from machines primarily replacing the human hands (manual labor and mechanical processing) to machines…

Physics and Society · Physics 2026-05-29 William Yicheng Zhu , Lei Zhu

Large language models (LLMs) like GPT-3 and BERT have revolutionized natural language processing (NLP), yet their environmental costs remain dangerously overlooked. This article critiques the sustainability of LLMs, quantifying their carbon…

The technology industry promotes artificial intelligence (AI) as a key enabler to solve a vast number of problems, including the environmental crisis. However, when looking at the emissions of datacenters from worldwide service providers,…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-01-13 François Rottenberg , Thomas Feys , Liesbet Van der Perre

The demand for research supporting the development of new policy frameworks for energy saving and conservation has never been more critical. As climate change accelerates and its impacts become increasingly severe, the need for sustainable…

Physics and Society · Physics 2024-08-28 A. Fronzetti Colladon , A. L. Pisello , L. F. Cabeza

In this paper, we estimate the effect of heat stress index (a measure which takes into account rising temperatures as well as humidity) on data center energy consumption. We use forecasting models to predict future energy use by data…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2019-11-12 Vikas Ramachandra

Recent research shows large-scale AI-centric data centers could experience rapid fluctuations in power demand due to varying computation loads, such as sudden spikes from inference or interruption of training large language models (LLMs).…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-03-12 Mariam Mughees , Yuzhuo Li , Yize Chen , Yunwei Ryan Li

This study examines university students levels of satisfaction with generative artificial intelligence (AI) tools and traditional search engines as academic information sources. An electronic survey was distributed to students at U.S.…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-01-05 Brady D. Lund , Scott J. Warren , Zoe A. Teel

Context: Information Technology consumes up to 10\% of the world's electricity generation, contributing to CO2 emissions and high energy costs. Data centers, particularly databases, use up to 23% of this energy. Therefore, building an…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2017-11-21 Andriy V. Miranskyy , Zainab Al-zanbouri , David Godwin , Ayse Basar Bener

Identifying anomalies in the fuel consumption of the vehicles of a fleet is a crucial aspect for optimizing consumption and reduce costs. However, this information alone is insufficient, since fleet operators need to know the causes behind…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-23 Alberto Barbado , Óscar Corcho

Artificial Intelligence (AI), particularly large language models (LLMs), holds the potential to bridge language and information gaps, which can benefit the economies of developing nations. However, our analysis of FLORES-200, FLORES+,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Aivin V. Solatorio , Gabriel Stefanini Vicente , Holly Krambeck , Olivier Dupriez

The accelerating development and deployment of AI technologies depend on the continued ability to scale their infrastructure. This has implied increasing amounts of monetary investment and natural resources. Frontier AI applications have…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Eshta Bhardwaj , Rohan Alexander , Christoph Becker