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Self-supervised reinforcement learning (RL) presents a promising approach for enhancing the reasoning capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) without reliance on expensive human-annotated data. However, we find that existing methods…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Bizhe Bai , Hongming Wu , Peng Ye , Tao Chen

In neural combinatorial optimization (CO), reinforcement learning (RL) can turn a deep neural net into a fast, powerful heuristic solver of NP-hard problems. This approach has a great potential in practical applications because it allows…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-14 Yeong-Dae Kwon , Jinho Choo , Byoungjip Kim , Iljoo Yoon , Youngjune Gwon , Seungjai Min

Recent advances in reinforcement learning (RL) for large language model (LLM) fine-tuning show promise in addressing multi-objective tasks but still face significant challenges, including competing objective balancing, low training…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-10 Lingxiao Kong , Cong Yang , Susanne Neufang , Oya Deniz Beyan , Zeyd Boukhers

State-of-the-art reinforcement learning algorithms mostly rely on being allowed to directly interact with their environment to collect millions of observations. This makes it hard to transfer their success to industrial control problems,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-23 Phillip Swazinna , Steffen Udluft , Thomas Runkler

Offline reinforcement learning (RL) provides a promising direction to exploit massive amount of offline data for complex decision-making tasks. Due to the distribution shift issue, current offline RL algorithms are generally designed to be…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-25 Rui Yang , Chenjia Bai , Xiaoteng Ma , Zhaoran Wang , Chongjie Zhang , Lei Han

Reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms such as PPO and GRPO are widely used to train large language models (LLMs) for multi-turn agentic tasks. However, in off-policy training pipelines, these methods often exhibit unstable optimization…

Methods for learning optimal policies use causal machine learning models to create human-interpretable rules for making choices around the allocation of different policy interventions. However, in realistic policy-making contexts,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-18 Patrick Rehill , Nicholas Biddle

An important challenge in multi-objective reinforcement learning is obtaining a Pareto front of policies to attain optimal performance under different preferences. We introduce Iterated Pareto Referent Optimisation (IPRO), which decomposes…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-07 Willem Röpke , Mathieu Reymond , Patrick Mannion , Diederik M. Roijers , Ann Nowé , Roxana Rădulescu

Penetration testing, the simulation of cyberattacks to identify security vulnerabilities, presents a sequential decision-making problem well-suited for reinforcement learning (RL) automation. Like many applications of RL to real-world…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-25 Raphael Simon , Pieter Libin , Wim Mees

Multi-task representation learning (MTRL) is an approach that learns shared latent representations across related tasks, facilitating collaborative learning that improves the overall learning efficiency. This paper studies MTRL for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Yaoze Guo , Shana Moothedath

Mobile edge computing (MEC) is essential for next-generation mobile network applications that prioritize various performance metrics, including delays and energy efficiency. However, conventional single-objective scheduling solutions cannot…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-16 Ning Yang , Junrui Wen , Meng Zhang , Ming Tang

We study offline multitask representation learning in reinforcement learning (RL), where a learner is provided with an offline dataset from different tasks that share a common representation and is asked to learn the shared representation.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-01 Haque Ishfaq , Thanh Nguyen-Tang , Songtao Feng , Raman Arora , Mengdi Wang , Ming Yin , Doina Precup

As generative agents become increasingly capable, alignment of their behavior with complex human values remains a fundamental challenge. Existing approaches often simplify human intent through reduction to a scalar reward, overlooking the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-30 Kalyan Cherukuri , Aarav Lala

As machine learning (ML) applications grow increasingly complex in recent years, modern ML frameworks often need to address multiple potentially conflicting objectives with coupled decision variables across different layers. This creates a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-12 Zhiyao Zhang , Zhuqing Liu , Xin Zhang , Wen-Yen Chen , Jiyan Yang , Jia Liu

Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO) has become the predominant algorithm for on-policy reinforcement learning due to its scalability and empirical robustness across domains. However, there is a significant disconnect between the underlying…

Many real-world continuous control problems are in the dilemma of weighing the pros and cons, multi-objective reinforcement learning (MORL) serves as a generic framework of learning control policies for different preferences over…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-26 Wei Hung , Bo-Kai Huang , Ping-Chun Hsieh , Xi Liu

Reinforcement learning (RL) has re-emerged as a natural approach for training interactive LLM agents in real-world environments. However, directly applying the widely used Group Relative Policy Optimization (GRPO) algorithm to multi-turn…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Junbo Li , Peng Zhou , Rui Meng , Meet P. Vadera , Lihong Li , Yang Li

The recent offline reinforcement learning (RL) studies have achieved much progress to make RL usable in real-world systems by learning policies from pre-collected datasets without environment interaction. Unfortunately, existing offline RL…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-04-22 Xianyuan Zhan , Xiangyu Zhu , Haoran Xu

Model-based Reinforcement Learning (MBRL) is a promising framework for learning control in a data-efficient manner. MBRL algorithms can be fairly complex due to the separate dynamics modeling and the subsequent planning algorithm, and as a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-01 Baohe Zhang , Raghu Rajan , Luis Pineda , Nathan Lambert , André Biedenkapp , Kurtland Chua , Frank Hutter , Roberto Calandra

Group Relative Policy Optimization (GRPO) has been shown to be an effective algorithm when an accurate reward model is available. However, such a highly reliable reward model is not available in many real-world tasks. In this paper, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-12 Yuki Ichihara , Yuu Jinnai , Tetsuro Morimura , Mitsuki Sakamoto , Ryota Mitsuhashi , Eiji Uchibe
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