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We present an algorithm for building probabilistic rule lists that is two orders of magnitude faster than previous work. Rule list algorithms are competitors for decision tree algorithms. They are associative classifiers, in that they are…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2017-04-04 Hongyu Yang , Cynthia Rudin , Margo Seltzer

We introduce the zip tree, a form of randomized binary search tree that integrates previous ideas into one practical, performant, and pleasant-to-implement package. A zip tree is a binary search tree in which each node has a numeric rank…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2022-02-23 Robert E. Tarjan , Caleb C. Levy , Stephen Timmel

In this paper, we consider the problem of constructing optimal average-length binary codes under the constraint that each codeword must contain at most $D$ ones, where $D$ is a given input parameter. We provide an $O(n^2D)$-time complexity…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-12-03 Roberto Bruno , Roberto De Prisco , Ugo Vaccaro

Binary search trees (BST) are a popular type of data structure when dealing with ordered data. Indeed, they enable one to access and modify data efficiently, with their height corresponding to the worst retrieval time. From a probabilistic…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-01-28 Benoît Corsini , Victor Dubach , Valentin Féray

We present a simple $O(n^4)$-time algorithm for computing optimal search trees with two-way comparisons. The only previous solution to this problem, by Anderson et al., has the same running time, but is significantly more complicated and is…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2022-02-14 Marek Chrobak , Mordecai Golin , J. Ian Munro , Neal E. Young

Consider the following generalization of the classic binary search problem: a searcher is required to find a hidden vertex $x$ in a tree $T$. To do so, they iteratively perform queries to an oracle, each about a chosen vertex $v$. After…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Michał Szyfelbein

In recent years, deep neural networks have had great success in machine learning and pattern recognition. Architecture size for a neural network contributes significantly to the success of any neural network. In this study, we optimize the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-19 Yigit Alparslan , Ethan Jacob Moyer , Isamu Mclean Isozaki , Daniel Schwartz , Adam Dunlop , Shesh Dave , Edward Kim

Recent research suggests that tree search algorithms (e.g. Monte Carlo Tree Search) can dramatically boost LLM performance on complex mathematical reasoning tasks. However, they often require more than 10 times the computational resources…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-02 Ante Wang , Linfeng Song , Ye Tian , Baolin Peng , Dian Yu , Haitao Mi , Jinsong Su , Dong Yu

Weighted Hamming distance, as a similarity measure between binary codes and binary queries, provides superior accuracy in search tasks than Hamming distance. However, how to efficiently and accurately find $K$ binary codes that have the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-08-11 Zhenyu Weng , Yuesheng Zhu , Ruixin Liu

Most research on query optimization has centered on binary join algorithms like hash join and sort-merge join. However, recent years have seen growing interest in theoretically optimal algorithms, notably Yannakakis' algorithm. These…

Databases · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Zheng Luo , Wim Van den Broeck , Guy Van den Broeck , Yisu Remy Wang

Label tree-based algorithms are widely used to tackle multi-class and multi-label problems with a large number of labels. We focus on a particular subclass of these algorithms that use probabilistic classifiers in the tree nodes. Examples…

We study the design of efficient algorithms for combinatorial pattern matching. More concretely, we study algorithms for tree matching, string matching, and string matching in compressed texts.

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2007-09-03 Philip Bille

Secure codes are widely-studied combinatorial structures which were introduced for traitor tracing in broadcast encryption. To determine the maximum size of such structures is the main research objective. In this paper, we investigate the…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-08-24 Bingchen Qian , Xin Wang , Gennian Ge

An archetypal problem discussed in computer science is the problem of searching for a given number in a given set of numbers. Other than sequential search, the classic solution is to sort the list of numbers and then apply binary search.…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2015-03-20 Philon Nguyen

A treap is a classic randomized binary search tree data structure that is easy to implement and supports O(\log n) expected time access. However, classic treaps do not take advantage of the input distribution or patterns in the input. Given…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2022-06-27 Honghao Lin , Tian Luo , David P. Woodruff

Search trees are commonly used to implement access operations to a set of stored keys. If this set is static and the probabilities of membership queries are known in advance, then one can precompute an optimal search tree, namely one that…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2022-02-14 Marek Chrobak , Mordecai Golin , J. Ian Munro , Neal E. Young

We present a new universal source code for distributions of unlabeled binary and ordinal trees that achieves optimal compression to within lower order terms for all tree sources covered by existing universal codes. At the same time, it…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2021-09-06 J. Ian Munro , Patrick K. Nicholson , Louisa Seelbach Benkner , Sebastian Wild

We consider the following generalization of the binary search problem. A search strategy is required to locate an unknown target node $t$ in a given tree $T$. Upon querying a node $v$ of the tree, the strategy receives as a reply an…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2017-02-28 Dariusz Dereniowski , Adrian Kosowski , Przemyslaw Uznanski , Mengchuan Zou

Inspired by [4] we present a new algorithm for uniformly random generation of ordered trees in which all occuring outdegrees can be specified by a given sequence of numbers. The method can be used for random generation of binary or n-ary…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2021-12-30 Aleksander Kiryk

We study learning-augmented binary search trees (BSTs) via Treaps with carefully designed priorities. The result is a simple search tree in which the depth of each item $x$ is determined by its predicted weight $w_x$. Specifically, each…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-05-16 Jingbang Chen , Xinyuan Cao , Alicia Stepin , Li Chen