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Recently, it has been shown that the primordial black holes (PBHs) produced by near critical collapse in the expanding universe have a scaling mass relation similar to that of black holes produced in asymptotically flat spacetime. Distinct…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-10-31 Hee Il Kim

Primordial Black Holes (PBHs) are black holes that may have been created in the early Universe and could be as large as supermassive black holes or as small as the Planck scale. It is believed that a black hole has a temperature inversely…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-08-17 T. N. Ukwatta , J. T. Linnemann , D. Stump J. H. MacGibbon , S. S. Marinelli , T. Yapici , K. Tollefson

We investigate Primoridal Black Hole (PBH) formation by which we mean black holes produced in the early universe during radiation domination. After discussing the range of PBH mass permitted in the original mechanism of Carr and Hawking,…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2016-04-27 Paul H. Frampton

Primordial black holes (PBHs), originating from the gravitational collapse of large overdensities in the early Universe, emerge as a compelling dark matter (DM) candidate across a broad mass range. Of particular interest are ultra-light…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2024-09-24 Jun Guo , Qiang Yuan , Bin Zhu

Intermediate-mass black holes (IMBHs) occupy the $ 10^2 - 10^5\,M_\odot $ range, but their existence remains poorly constrained. Only a few candidates have been suggested in dwarf galaxies, globular clusters, and LIGO-Virgo-Kagra…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-10-10 Cristiano Ugolini

Much attention has been drawn to the recent discoveries by the Advanced Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO) of merging intermediate mass black holes. Of particular interest is the possibility that the merger events…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2016-12-22 Benjamin Horowitz

We propose a novel mechanism where Primordial Black Hole (PBH) dark matter is formed much later in the history of the universe between the epoch of Big Bang Nucleosynthesis (BBN) and Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) photon decoupling. In…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2022-06-24 Amlan Chakraborty , Prolay K Chanda , Kanhaiya Lal Pandey , Subinoy Das

Primordial Black Holes (PBHs) might have formed in the early Universe as a consequence of the collapse of density fluctuations with an amplitude above a critical value $\delta_{c}$: the formation threshold. Although for a…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2024-04-12 J. L. G. Sobrinho , P. Augusto , A. L. Gonçalves

Primordial Black Holes (PBHs) are compelling candidates for explaining the present-day relic abundance of cold dark matter (CDM), yet their formation typically requires finely tuned early-universe dynamics. In this work, we propose a novel…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2026-05-26 Subhasis Maiti , Debaprasad Maity

Observational evidence has been mounting for the existence of intermediate mass black holes (IMBHs, 10^2-10^5 Msun), but observing them at all, much less constraining their masses, is very challenging. In one theorized formation channel,…

The frequent detection of binary mergers of $\sim 30 M_{\odot}$ black holes (BHs) by the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO) rekindled researchers' interest in primordial BHs (PBHs) being dark matter (DM). In this…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2020-12-02 Yuan Gao , Xiaojia Zhang , Meng Su

In this paper, we show that if passive fluctuations are considered, primordial black holes (PBHs) can be easily produced in the framework of single-field, slow-roll inflation models. The formation of PBHs is due to the blue spectrum of…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2015-06-05 Chia-Min Lin , Kin-Wang Ng

We propose a novel mechanism of primordial black hole (PBH) formation through inverted bubble collapse. In this scenario, bubbles nucleate sparsely in an incomplete first-order phase transition, such that they remain isolated and do not…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-07-11 Kai Murai , Kodai Sakurai , Fuminobu Takahashi

Intermediate-mass black holes (IMBHs), with masses between roughly $10^2\,M_\odot$ and $10^5\,M_\odot$, represent a largely uncharted component of the black-hole (BH) population. They are theoretically predicted to form in several…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-12-17 R. Pascale , G. Battaglia

Primordial black holes (PBHs) could be formed if large perturbations are generated on small scales in inflation. We study a toy inflation model with a local minimum. The curvature perturbations are enhanced when the inflaton passes through…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2023-09-01 Bao-Min Gu , Fu-Wen Shu , Ke Yang , Yu-Peng Zhang

Supersymmetric extensions of the standard model generically predict that in the early universe a scalar condensate can form and fragment into Q-balls before decaying. If the Q-balls dominate the energy density for some period of time, the…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2017-07-26 Eric Cotner , Alexander Kusenko

Primordial black holes (PBHs) are a viable candidate for dark matter if the PBH masses are in the currently unconstrained "sublunar" mass range. We revisit the possibility that PBHs were produced by nucleation of false vacuum bubbles during…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-10-14 Alexander Kusenko , Misao Sasaki , Sunao Sugiyama , Masahiro Takada , Volodymyr Takhistov , Edoardo Vitagliano

The parameters of the original log-normal mass spectrum of primordial black holes (PBH) are approximately adjusted on the basis of existing observational data on supermassive black holes in the galactic centers and the mass distribution of…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2020-12-22 A. D. Dolgov , S. Porey

Primordial black holes (PBHs) are known as one of the potential candidates for dark matter. They are expected to have formed due to the direct gravitational collapse of density fluctuations in the early Universe. Therefore, the study of the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-01-11 Saeed Fakhry

We study the formation of asteroid-mass Primordial Black Holes (PBHs) as a dark matter candidate in supersymmetric extensions of the Standard Model. We show that the presence of heavy particles predicted in the Minimal Supersymmetric…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2026-04-30 Andrea Boccia , Marco Chianese