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Large Language Models have significantly advanced natural language processing tasks, but remain prone to generating incorrect or misleading but plausible arguments. This issue, known as hallucination, is particularly concerning in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-04 Ahmad Aghaebrahimian

Large Language Models (LLMs) have significantly advanced the fact-checking studies. However, existing automated fact-checking evaluation methods rely on static datasets and classification metrics, which fail to automatically evaluate the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Hongzhan Lin , Yang Deng , Yuxuan Gu , Wenxuan Zhang , Jing Ma , See-Kiong Ng , Tat-Seng Chua

Automated fact-checking (AFC) still falters on claims that are time-sensitive, entity-ambiguous, or buried beneath noisy search-engine results. We present PASS-FC, a Progressive and Adaptive Search Scheme for Fact Checking. Each atomic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Ziyu Zhuang

Manual fact-checking does not scale well to serve the needs of the internet. This issue is further compounded in non-English contexts. In this paper, we discuss claim matching as a possible solution to scale fact-checking. We define claim…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-03 Ashkan Kazemi , Kiran Garimella , Devin Gaffney , Scott A. Hale

This article presents a pipeline for automated fact-checking leveraging publicly available Language Models and data. The objective is to assess the accuracy of textual claims using evidence from a ground-truth evidence corpus. The pipeline…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-23 Jan Drchal , Herbert Ullrich , Tomáš Mlynář , Václav Moravec

Evaluating the factual consistency of automatically generated summaries is essential for the progress and adoption of reliable summarization systems. Despite recent advances, existing factuality evaluation models are not robust, being…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-20 Shangbin Feng , Vidhisha Balachandran , Yuyang Bai , Yulia Tsvetkov

Large language models have demonstrated significant potential as the next-generation information access engines. However, their reliability is hindered by issues of hallucination and generating non-factual content. This is particularly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-03 Chao-Wei Huang , Yun-Nung Chen

Evaluating the veracity of everyday claims is time consuming and in some cases requires domain expertise. We empirically demonstrate that the commonly used fact checking pipeline, known as the retriever-reader, suffers from performance…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-28 Payam Karisani , Heng Ji

Evaluating the factuality of long-form generations from Large Language Models (LLMs) remains challenging due to efficiency bottlenecks and reliability concerns. Prior efforts attempt this by decomposing text into claims, searching for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-06 Yingjia Wan , Haochen Tan , Xiao Zhu , Xinyu Zhou , Zhiwei Li , Qingsong Lv , Changxuan Sun , Jiaqi Zeng , Yi Xu , Jianqiao Lu , Yinhong Liu , Zhijiang Guo

Claim verification can be a challenging task. In this paper, we present a method to enhance the robustness and reasoning capabilities of automated claim verification through the extraction of short facts from evidence. Our novel approach,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-29 Nazanin Jafari , James Allan

In this paper, we explore the challenges associated with establishing an end-to-end fact-checking pipeline in a real-world context, covering over 90 languages. Our real-world experimental benchmarks demonstrate that fine-tuning Transformer…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-01 Vinay Setty

Temporal claims, often riddled with inaccuracies, are a significant challenge in the digital misinformation landscape. Fact-checking systems that can accurately verify such claims are crucial for combating misinformation. Current systems…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-16 Anab Maulana Barik , Wynne Hsu , Mong Li Lee

Factual probing is a method that uses prompts to test if a language model "knows" certain world knowledge facts. A problem in factual probing is that small changes to the prompt can lead to large changes in model output. Previous work aimed…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-27 Go Kamoda , Benjamin Heinzerling , Keisuke Sakaguchi , Kentaro Inui

Abstractive summarization models often generate factually inconsistent content particularly when the parametric knowledge of the model conflicts with the knowledge in the input document. In this paper, we analyze the robustness of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-26 Jongyoon Song , Nohil Park , Bongkyu Hwang , Jaewoong Yun , Seongho Joe , Youngjune L. Gwon , Sungroh Yoon

Large language models (LLMs) have shown remarkable capabilities in various natural language processing tasks, yet they often struggle with maintaining factual accuracy, particularly in knowledge-intensive domains like healthcare. This study…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-01 Hieu Tran , Junda Wang , Yujan Ting , Weijing Huang , Terrence Chen

We explore the relationship between factuality and Natural Language Inference (NLI) by introducing FactRel -- a novel annotation scheme that models \textit{factual} rather than \textit{textual} entailment, and use it to annotate a dataset…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-25 Guy Mor-Lan , Effi Levi

Fact-checking is a potentially useful application of Large Language Models (LLMs) to combat the growing dissemination of disinformation. However, the performance of LLMs varies across geographic regions. In this paper, we evaluate the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Bruno Coelho , Shujaat Mirza , Yuyuan Cui , Christina Pöpper , Damon McCoy

Large Language Models (LLMs) frequently generate hallucinated content, posing significant challenges for applications where factuality is crucial. While existing hallucination detection methods typically operate at the sentence level or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Albert Sawczyn , Jakub Binkowski , Denis Janiak , Bogdan Gabrys , Tomasz Kajdanowicz

Language models are increasingly being used in important decision pipelines, so ensuring the correctness of their outputs is crucial. Recent work has proposed evaluating the "factuality" of claims decomposed from a language model generation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Maxon Rubin-Toles , Maya Gambhir , Keshav Ramji , Aaron Roth , Surbhi Goel

As large language models (LLMs) have become the norm in NLP, demonstrating good performance in generation and reasoning tasks, one of its most fatal disadvantages is the lack of factual correctness. Generating unfactual texts not only leads…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-10 Ruochen Zhao , Xingxuan Li , Shafiq Joty , Chengwei Qin , Lidong Bing