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The gauge symmetries of a general dynamical system can be systematically obtained following either a Hamiltonean or a Lagrangean approach. In the former case, these symmetries are generated, according to Dirac's conjecture, by the first…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-11-10 Heinz J. Rothe , Klaus D. Rothe

Recently, there were works claiming that path integral quantisation of gauge theories necessarily requires relaxation of Lagrangian constraints. As has also been noted in the literature, it is of course wrong since there perfectly exist…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2026-03-12 Alexey Golovnev , Kirill Russkov

We present a pseudoclassical mechanics model which exhibits gauge symmetry and time-reparametrization invariance. As such, first- and second-class constraints restrict the phase space, and the Hamiltonian weakly vanishes. We show that the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2023-04-07 Mauricio Valenzuela

We are taught that gauge transformations in classical and quantum mechanics do not change the physics of the problem. Nevertheless here we discuss three broad scenarios where under gauge transformations: (i) conservation laws are not…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-11-03 Bertrand Berche , Daniel Malterre , Ernesto Medina

A first-order gauge invariant formulation for the two-dimensional quantum rigid rotor is long known in the theoretical physics community as an isolated peculiar model. Parallel to that fact, the longstanding constraints abelianization…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2019-11-18 Suzicleide L. de Oliveira , Camila M. B. Santos , Ronaldo Thibes

As in the case of the other gauge field theories, there is so called ``gauge'' also in general relativity. This ``gauge'' is unphysical degree of freedom. There are two kinds of ``gauges'' in general relativity. These are called the first-…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-11-08 Kouji Nakamura

I consider two usages of the expression "gauge theory". On one, a gauge theory is a theory with excess structure; on the other, a gauge theory is any theory appropriately related to classical electromagnetism. I make precise one sense in…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2023-06-22 James Owen Weatherall

Lagrange multipliers are present in any gauge theory. They possess peculiar gauge transformation which is not generated by the constraints in the model as it is the case with the other variables. For rank one gauge theories we show how to…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2007-05-23 M. N. Stoilov

We elaborate the generalizations of the approach to gauge-invariant deformations of the gauge theories developed in our previous work [1]. In the given paper we construct the exact transformations defying the gauge-invariant deformed theory…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2021-10-01 I. L. Buchbinder , P. M. Lavrov

A argument is described for how deformed or doubly special relativity may arise in the semiclassical limit of a quantum theory of gravity. We consider a generic quantum theory of gravity coupled to matter, from which we use only the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2008-08-28 Lee Smolin

The gauge symmetries of a general dynamical system can be systematically obtained following either a Hamiltonean or a Lagrangean approach. In the former case, these symmetries are generated, according to Dirac's conjecture, by the first…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2007-05-23 Heinz J. Rothe , Klaus D. Rothe

In this paper we examine an alternative formulation of the gauge principle in which the emphasis is shifted from the symmetry transformations to their generators. We show that the gauge principle can be entirely reformulated in terms of…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2010-04-30 Petr Jizba , Josep Maria Pons

The notion of gauge transform has its origin in Physics (Field Theory). In the present note we discuss -- from a purely mathematical perspective -- special gauge transforms of autonomous first order ODE's and their special properties.…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2025-12-10 Giuseppe Gaeta , Sebastian Walcher

The Dirac constraint formalism is used to analyze the first order form of the Einstein-Hilbert action in d > 2 dimensions. Unlike previous treatments, this is done without eliminating fields at the outset by solving equations of motion that…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2014-11-21 D. G. C. McKeon

In the framework of the generalized Hamiltonian formalism by Dirac, the local symmetries of dynamical systems with first- and second-class constraints are investigated. For theories with an algebra of constraints of special form (to which a…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2007-05-23 N. P. Chitaia , S. A. Gogilidze , Yu. S. Surovtsev

We consider in detail the problem of gauge dependence that exists in relativistic perturbation theory, going beyond the linear approximation and treating second and higher order perturbations. We first derive some mathematical results…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-10-28 Marco Bruni , Sabino Matarrese , Silvia Mollerach , Sebastiano Sonego

We review the Dirac formalism for dealing with constraints in a canonical Hamiltonian formulation and discuss gauge freedom and display constraints for gauge theories in a general context. We introduce the Dirac bracket and show that it…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2020-07-21 Jon Allen , Richard A. Matzner

The fallacies associated with the gauge concept in electromagnetism are illustrated. A clearer and more valid formulation of the basics of classical electromagnetism is provided by recognizing existing physical constraints as well as the…

Classical Physics · Physics 2014-11-21 Paul J. Cote

For a theory with first and second class constraints, we propose a procedure for conversion of second class constraints based on deformation the structure of local symmetries of the Lagrangian formulation. It does not require extension or…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2008-11-26 A. A. Deriglazov , Z. Kuznetsova

We demonstrate the existence of the first-class constraints on the massless Abelian 3-form theory which generate the classical gauge symmetry transformations for this theory in any arbitrary D-dimension of spacetime. We write down the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2024-08-27 B. Chauhan , A. K. Rao , R. P. Malik