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Image classification is a fundamental computer vision problem, and neural networks offer efficient solutions. With advancing quantum technology, quantum neural networks have gained attention. However, they work only for low-dimensional data…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-08-31 Mingrui Shi , Haozhen Situ , Cai Zhang

Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) have shown great promise in various domains. However, vulnerabilities associated with DNN training, such as backdoor attacks, are a significant concern. These attacks involve the subtle insertion of triggers…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-18 Bart Pleiter , Behrad Tajalli , Stefanos Koffas , Gorka Abad , Jing Xu , Martha Larson , Stjepan Picek

Classical machine learning (CML) has been extensively studied for malware classification. With the emergence of quantum computing, quantum machine learning (QML) presents a paradigm-shifting opportunity to improve malware detection, though…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-28 Jesus Lopez , Saeefa Rubaiyet Nowmi , Viviana Cadena , Mohammad Saidur Rahman

Deep neural networks (DNNs) are vulnerable to backdoor attacks which can hide backdoor triggers in DNNs by poisoning training data. A backdoored model behaves normally on clean test images, yet consistently predicts a particular target…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-06-17 Shihao Zhao , Xingjun Ma , Xiang Zheng , James Bailey , Jingjing Chen , Yu-Gang Jiang

Quantum Convolutional Neural Networks (QCNNs) are widely regarded as a promising model for Quantum Machine Learning (QML). In this work we tie their heuristic success to two facts. First, that when randomly initialized, they can only…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-07 Pablo Bermejo , Paolo Braccia , Manuel S. Rudolph , Zoë Holmes , Lukasz Cincio , M. Cerezo

Backdoor attacks are emerging threats to deep neural networks, which typically embed malicious behaviors into a victim model by injecting poisoned samples. Adversaries can activate the injected backdoor during inference by presenting the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-05 Bingyin Zhao , Yingjie Lao

Quantum machine learning, focusing on quantum neural networks (QNNs), remains a vastly uncharted field of study. Current QNN models primarily employ variational circuits on an ansatz or a quantum feature map, often requiring multiple…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-02-02 Utkarsh Singh , Aaron Z. Goldberg , Khabat Heshami

Quantum Generative Adversarial Networks (QGANs) have emerged as a promising direction in quantum machine learning, combining the strengths of quantum computing and adversarial training to enable efficient and expressive generative modeling.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-24 Mujahidul Islam , Serkan Turkeli , Fatih Ozaydin

In this work, we propose the first backdoor attack to graph neural networks (GNN). Specifically, we propose a \emph{subgraph based backdoor attack} to GNN for graph classification. In our backdoor attack, a GNN classifier predicts an…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-12-20 Zaixi Zhang , Jinyuan Jia , Binghui Wang , Neil Zhenqiang Gong

Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) are used mainly to treat problems with many images characteristic of Deep Learning. In this work, we propose a hybrid image classification model to take advantage of quantum and classical computing. The…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-04-10 Parfait Atchade-Adelomou , Guillermo Alonso-Linaje

Recent studies have exposed that GNNs are vulnerable to several adversarial attacks, among which backdoor attack is one of the toughest. Similar to Deep Neural Networks (DNNs), backdoor attacks in GNNs lie in the fact that the attacker…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-11-14 Jiale Zhang , Chengcheng Zhu , Bosen Rao , Hao Sui , Xiaobing Sun , Bing Chen , Chunyi Zhou , Shouling Ji

Quantum Machine Learning (QML) has seen significant advancements, driven by recent improvements in Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) devices. Leveraging quantum principles such as entanglement and superposition, quantum convolutional…

Although deep neural networks (DNNs) have made rapid progress in recent years, they are vulnerable in adversarial environments. A malicious backdoor could be embedded in a model by poisoning the training dataset, whose intention is to make…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-03-25 Yinpeng Dong , Xiao Yang , Zhijie Deng , Tianyu Pang , Zihao Xiao , Hang Su , Jun Zhu

In the rapidly evolving landscape of communication and network security, the increasing reliance on deep neural networks (DNNs) and cloud services for data processing presents a significant vulnerability: the potential for backdoors that…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-03-14 Khondoker Murad Hossain , Tim Oates

Quantum Machine Learning (QML) is an emerging field of research with potential applications to distributed collaborative learning, such as Split Learning (SL). SL allows resource-constrained clients to collaboratively train ML models with a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-08 Hevish Cowlessur , Chandra Thapa , Tansu Alpcan , Seyit Camtepe

Deep Neural Networks (DNN) are becoming increasingly more important in assisted and automated driving. Using such entities which are obtained using machine learning is inevitable: tasks such as recognizing traffic signs cannot be developed…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-10-11 Akshay Dhonthi , Ernst Moritz Hahn , Vahid Hashemi

Heterogeneous Graph Neural Networks (HGNNs) excel in modeling complex, multi-typed relationships across diverse domains, yet their vulnerability to backdoor attacks remains unexplored. To address this gap, we conduct the first investigation…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Jiawei Chen , Lusi Li , Daniel Takabi , Masha Sosonkina , Rui Ning

Deep neural networks (DNNs) have proven to be quite effective in a vast array of machine learning tasks, with recent examples in cyber security and autonomous vehicles. Despite the superior performance of DNNs in these applications, it has…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-08-22 Qinglong Wang , Wenbo Guo , Kaixuan Zhang , Alexander G. Ororbia , Xinyu Xing , Xue Liu , C. Lee Giles

Machine learning (ML) methods such as artificial neural networks are rapidly becoming ubiquitous in modern science, technology and industry. Despite their accuracy and sophistication, neural networks can be easily fooled by carefully…

Quantum Machine Learning (QML) integrates quantum computational principles into learning algorithms, offering improved representational capacity and computational efficiency. However, the security and robustness of QML systems remain…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Saeefa Rubaiyet Nowmi , Jesus Lopez , Md Mahmudul Alam Imon , Shahrooz Pouryousef , Mohammad Saidur Rahman
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