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Quantum computers show promise to solve select problems otherwise intractable on classical computers. However, noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) era devices are currently prone to various sources of error. Quantum error correction…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-25 Maxwell Poster , Sayam Sethi , Jonathan Baker

Surface codes are promising for practical quantum error correction due to their high threshold and experimental feasibility. However, their performance under realistic noise conditions, particularly those involving correlated errors,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-19 SiYing Wang , Yue Yan , ZhiXin Xia , Xiang-Bin Wang

Imperfect measurements are a prevalent source of error across quantum computing platforms, significantly degrading the logical error rates achievable on current hardware. To mitigate this issue, rich measurement data referred to as soft…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-18 Joonas Majaniemi , Elisha S. Matekole

Noise and errors are inevitable parts of any practical implementation of a quantum computer. As a result, large-scale quantum computation will require ways to detect and correct errors on quantum information. Here, we present such a quantum…

Quantum error correcting codes protect quantum information, allowing for large quantum computations provided that physical error rates are sufficiently low. We combine post-selection with surface code error correction through the use of a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-12-23 Samuel C. Smith , Benjamin J. Brown , Stephen D. Bartlett

Quantum error correction is expected to be essential in large-scale quantum technologies. However, the substantial overhead of qubits it requires is thought to greatly limit its utility in smaller, near-term devices. Here we introduce a new…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-01-20 David Layden , Mo Chen , Paola Cappellaro

In order to solve problems of practical importance, quantum computers will likely need to incorporate quantum error correction, where a logical qubit is redundantly encoded in many noisy physical qubits. The large physical-qubit overhead…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-25 Harald Putterman , Kyungjoo Noh , Connor T. Hann , Gregory S. MacCabe , Shahriar Aghaeimeibodi , Rishi N. Patel , Menyoung Lee , William M. Jones , Hesam Moradinejad , Roberto Rodriguez , Neha Mahuli , Jefferson Rose , John Clai Owens , Harry Levine , Emma Rosenfeld , Philip Reinhold , Lorenzo Moncelsi , Joshua Ari Alcid , Nasser Alidoust , Patricio Arrangoiz-Arriola , James Barnett , Przemyslaw Bienias , Hugh A. Carson , Cliff Chen , Li Chen , Harutiun Chinkezian , Eric M. Chisholm , Ming-Han Chou , Aashish Clerk , Andrew Clifford , R. Cosmic , Ana Valdes Curiel , Erik Davis , Laura DeLorenzo , J. Mitchell D'Ewart , Art Diky , Nathan D'Souza , Philipp T. Dumitrescu , Shmuel Eisenmann , Essam Elkhouly , Glen Evenbly , Michael T. Fang , Yawen Fang , Matthew J. Fling , Warren Fon , Gabriel Garcia , Alexey V. Gorshkov , Julia A. Grant , Mason J. Gray , Sebastian Grimberg , Arne L. Grimsmo , Arbel Haim , Justin Hand , Yuan He , Mike Hernandez , David Hover , Jimmy S. C. Hung , Matthew Hunt , Joe Iverson , Ignace Jarrige , Jean-Christophe Jaskula , Liang Jiang , Mahmoud Kalaee , Rassul Karabalin , Peter J. Karalekas , Andrew J. Keller , Amirhossein Khalajhedayati , Aleksander Kubica , Hanho Lee , Catherine Leroux , Simon Lieu , Victor Ly , Keven Villegas Madrigal , Guillaume Marcaud , Gavin McCabe , Cody Miles , Ashley Milsted , Joaquin Minguzzi , Anurag Mishra , Biswaroop Mukherjee , Mahdi Naghiloo , Eric Oblepias , Gerson Ortuno , Jason Pagdilao , Nicola Pancotti , Ashley Panduro , JP Paquette , Minje Park , Gregory A. Peairs , David Perello , Eric C. Peterson , Sophia Ponte , John Preskill , Johnson Qiao , Gil Refael , Rachel Resnick , Alex Retzker , Omar A. Reyna , Marc Runyan , Colm A. Ryan , Abdulrahman Sahmoud , Ernesto Sanchez , Rohan Sanil , Krishanu Sankar , Yuki Sato , Thomas Scaffidi , Salome Siavoshi , Prasahnt Sivarajah , Trenton Skogland , Chun-Ju Su , Loren J. Swenson , Stephanie M. Teo , Astrid Tomada , Giacomo Torlai , E. Alex Wollack , Yufeng Ye , Jessica A. Zerrudo , Kailing Zhang , Fernando G. S. L. Brandão , Matthew H. Matheny , Oskar Painter

Recent results on constant overhead LDPC code-based fault-tolerance against i.i.d. errors naturally lead to the question of fault-tolerance against errors with long-range correlations. Ideally, any correlation can be captured by a joint…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-02-18 Smita Bagewadi , Avhishek Chatterjee

Many proposals for quantum information processing are subject to detectable loss errors. In this paper, we give a detailed account of recent results in which we showed that topological quantum memories can simultaneously tolerate both loss…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-05-14 T. M. Stace , S. D. Barrett

The surface code represents a promising candidate for fault-tolerant quantum computation due to its high error threshold and experimental accessibility with nearest-neighbor interactions. However, current exact surface code threshold…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-29 SiYing Wang , ZhiXin Xia , Yue Yan , Xiang-Bin Wang

Quantum computing (QC) is at the cusp of a revolution. Machines with 100 quantum bits (qubits) are anticipated to be operational by 2020 [googlemachine,gambetta2015building], and several-hundred-qubit machines are around the corner.…

We investigate the usage of highly efficient error correcting codes of multilevel systems to protect encoded quantum information from erasure errors and implementation to repetitively correct these errors. Our scheme makes use of quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-01-23 Sreraman Muralidharan , Chang-Ling Zou , Linshu Li , Jianming Wen , Liang Jiang

Surface codes reach high error thresholds when decoded with known algorithms, but the decoding time will likely exceed the available time budget, especially for near-term implementations. To decrease the decoding time, we reduce the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-02-07 Savvas Varsamopoulos , Ben Criger , Koen Bertels

Vast numbers of qubits will be needed for large-scale quantum computing due to the overheads associated with error correction. We present a scheme for low-overhead fault-tolerant quantum computation based on quantum low-density parity-check…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-05-24 Lawrence Z. Cohen , Isaac H. Kim , Stephen D. Bartlett , Benjamin J. Brown

Practical applications of quantum computing depend on fault-tolerant devices with error correction. Today, the most promising approach is a class of error-correcting codes called surface codes. We study the problem of compiling quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-29 Abtin Molavi , Amanda Xu , Swamit Tannu , Aws Albarghouthi

Fault-tolerant quantum computation critically depends on architectures uniting high encoding rates with physical implementability. Quantum low-density parity-check (qLDPC) codes, including bivariate bicycle (BB) codes, achieve dramatic…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-24 Yingli Yang , Guo Zhang , Ying Li

The fragile nature of quantum information limits our ability to construct large quantities of quantum bits suitable for quantum computing. An important goal, therefore, is to minimize the amount of resources required to implement quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-04-11 Adam Paetznick , Austin G. Fowler

Quantum code surgery is a promising technique to perform fault-tolerant computation on quantum low-density parity-check codes. Recent developments have significantly reduced the space overhead of surgery. However, generic surgery operations…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-17 Alexander Cowtan , Zhiyang He , Dominic J. Williamson , Theodore J. Yoder

Quantum synchronizable codes are quantum error-correcting codes designed to correct the effects of both quantum noise and block synchronization errors. While it is known that quantum synchronizable codes can be constructed from cyclic codes…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2014-08-19 Yixuan Xie , Jinhong Yuan , Yuichiro Fujiwara

Realizing the full potential of quantum computation requires quantum error correction (QEC), with most recent breakthrough demonstrations of QEC using the surface code. QEC codes use multiple noisy physical qubits to encode information in…