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Diffusion models have made remarkable progress in solving various inverse problems, attributing to the generative modeling capability of the data manifold. Posterior sampling from the conditional score function enable the precious data…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-16 Jinghao Zhang , Zizheng Yang , Qi Zhu , Feng Zhao

Imaging inverse problems can be solved in an unsupervised manner using pre-trained diffusion models, but doing so requires approximating the gradient of the measurement-conditional score function in the diffusion reverse process. We show…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-28 Matt C. Bendel , Saurav K. Shastri , Rizwan Ahmad , Philip Schniter

Adapting pretrained diffusion models to downstream objectives such as inverse problems often requires expensive test-time guidance or optimization. We propose a principled framework for generating high-quality reward-aligned samples at…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Kushagra Pandey , Farrin Marouf Sofian , Jan Niklas Groeneveld , Felix Draxler , Stephan Mandt

Diffusion probabilistic models learn to remove noise added during training, generating novel data (e.g., images) from Gaussian noise through sequential denoising. However, conditioning the generative process on corrupted or masked images is…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Sakshi Agarwal , Gabriel Hope , Jimin Heo , Erik B. Sudderth

A pre-trained unconditional diffusion model, combined with posterior sampling or maximum a posteriori (MAP) estimation techniques, can solve arbitrary inverse problems without task-specific training or fine-tuning. However, existing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Sai Bharath Chandra Gutha , Ricardo Vinuesa , Hossein Azizpour

Inverse problems are fundamental to science and engineering, where the goal is to infer an underlying signal or state from incomplete or noisy measurements. Recent approaches employ diffusion models as powerful implicit priors for such…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-27 Bilal Ahmed , Joseph G. Makin

We study posterior sampling for inverse problems in discrete state spaces using discrete diffusion models as generative priors. While continuous diffusion models have become widely used for inverse problems, their discrete counterparts…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Chaitanya Amballa , Sattwik Basu , Jorge Vančo Sampedro , Romit Roy Choudhury

Diffusion models have recently shown considerable potential in solving Bayesian inverse problems when used as priors. However, sampling from the resulting denoising posterior distributions remains a challenge as it involves intractable…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-12-25 Badr Moufad , Yazid Janati , Lisa Bedin , Alain Durmus , Randal Douc , Eric Moulines , Jimmy Olsson

Diffusion models (DMs) have proven to be effective in modeling high-dimensional distributions, leading to their widespread adoption for representing complex priors in Bayesian inverse problems (BIPs). However, current DM-based posterior…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-06 Haoxuan Chen , Yinuo Ren , Martin Renqiang Min , Lexing Ying , Zachary Izzo

We consider amortized Bayesian inference for nonlinear inverse problems in settings where only samples from the joint distribution of parameters and observations are available. Classical methods such as Markov chain Monte Carlo require…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-05-19 Hojjat Kaveh , Ricardo Baptista , Andrew M. Stuart

Bayesian inference for high-dimensional inverse problems is computationally costly and requires selecting a suitable prior distribution. Amortized variational inference addresses these challenges via a neural network that approximates the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-01-19 Ali Siahkoohi , Gabrio Rizzuti , Rafael Orozco , Felix J. Herrmann

Diffusion Models have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in handling inverse problems, offering high-quality posterior-sampling-based solutions. Despite significant advances, a fundamental trade-off persists regarding the way the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-20 Noam Elata , Hyungjin Chung , Jong Chul Ye , Tomer Michaeli , Michael Elad

Recovering high-dimensional statistical structure from limited measurements is a fundamental challenge in hyperspectral imaging, where capturing full-resolution data is often infeasible due to sensor, bandwidth, or acquisition constraints.…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-08-01 Jonathan Monsalve , Kumar Vijay Mishra

Using diffusion priors to solve inverse problems in imaging have significantly matured over the years. In this chapter, we review the various different approaches that were proposed over the years. We categorize the approaches into the more…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Hyungjin Chung , Jeongsol Kim , Jong Chul Ye

Deep Gaussian processes (DGPs) provide a robust paradigm for Bayesian deep learning. In DGPs, a set of sparse integration locations called inducing points are selected to approximate the posterior distribution of the model. This is done to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-25 Jian Xu , Delu Zeng , John Paisley

Recent studies demonstrate that diffusion models can serve as a strong prior for solving inverse problems. A prominent example is Diffusion Posterior Sampling (DPS), which approximates the posterior distribution of data given the measure…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-09-16 Yaxuan Zhu , Zehao Dou , Haoxin Zheng , Yasi Zhang , Ying Nian Wu , Ruiqi Gao

Can a diffusion model trained on bedrooms recover human faces? Diffusion models are widely used as priors for inverse problems, but standard approaches usually assume a high-fidelity model trained on data that closely match the unknown…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Jing Jia , Wei Yuan , Sifan Liu , Liyue Shen , Guanyang Wang

Diffusion models have shown remarkable progress in various generative tasks such as image and video generation. This paper studies the problem of leveraging pretrained diffusion models for performing discriminative tasks. Specifically, we…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-25 Yinqi Li , Hong Chang , Ruibing Hou , Shiguang Shan , Xilin Chen

Inverse problems arise in a multitude of applications, where the goal is to recover a clean signal from noisy and possibly (non)linear observations. The difficulty of a reconstruction problem depends on multiple factors, such as the ground…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-08-21 Zalan Fabian , Berk Tinaz , Mahdi Soltanolkotabi

Diffusion/score-based models have recently emerged as powerful generative priors for solving inverse problems, including accelerated MRI reconstruction. While their flexibility allows decoupling the measurement model from the learned prior,…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-15 Yaşar Utku Alçalar , Junno Yun , Mehmet Akçakaya