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Functional Principal Component Analysis is a reference method for dimension reduction of curve data. Its theoretical properties are now well understood in the simplified case where the sample curves are fully observed without noise.…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-04-28 Ryad Belhakem , Franck Picard , Vincent Rivoirard , Angelina Roche

Principal component analysis has been a main tool in multivariate analysis for estimating a low dimensional linear subspace that explains most of the variability in the data. However, in high-dimensional regimes, naive estimates of the…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-03-19 Jamshid Namdari , Amita Manatunga , Fabio Ferrarelli , Robert Krafty

Analyzing longitudinal data in health studies is challenging due to sparse and error-prone measurements, strong within-individual correlation, missing data and various trajectory shapes. While mixed-effect models (MM) effectively address…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-07-11 Corentin Ségalas , Catherine Helmer , Robin Genuer , Cécile Proust-Lima

We present a technique to perform dimensionality reduction on data that is subject to uncertainty. Our method is a generalization of traditional principal component analysis (PCA) to multivariate probability distributions. In comparison to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-14 Jochen Görtler , Thilo Spinner , Dirk Streeb , Daniel Weiskopf , Oliver Deussen

We develop the basic building blocks of a frequency domain framework for drawing statistical inferences on the second-order structure of a stationary sequence of functional data. The key element in such a context is the spectral density…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2013-05-10 Victor M. Panaretos , Shahin Tavakoli

A new procedure is proposed for the dimensional reduction of time series. Similarly to principal components, the procedure seeks a low-dimensional manifold that minimizes information loss. Unlike principal components, however, the new…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2010-12-20 Manuel D. de la Iglesia , Esteban G. Tabak

We propose graph-based predictable feature analysis (GPFA), a new method for unsupervised learning of predictable features from high-dimensional time series, where high predictability is understood very generically as low variance in the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-05-12 Björn Weghenkel , Asja Fischer , Laurenz Wiskott

Principal component analysis (PCA) has well-documented merits for data extraction and dimensionality reduction. PCA deals with a single dataset at a time, and it is challenged when it comes to analyzing multiple datasets. Yet in certain…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-10-27 Gang Wang , Jia Chen , Georgios B. Giannakis

Generalization of time series prediction remains an important open issue in machine learning, wherein earlier methods have either large generalization error or local minima. We develop an analytically solvable, unsupervised learning scheme…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-01-21 Takuya Isomura , Taro Toyoizumi

Functional data analysis offers a diverse toolkit of statistical methods tailored for analyzing samples of real-valued random functions. Recently, samples of time-varying random objects, such as time-varying networks, have been increasingly…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-03-10 Jiazhen Xu , Andrew T. A. Wood , Tao Zou

Principal component analysis (PCA) is arguably the most widely used approach for large-dimensional factor analysis. While it is effective when the factors are sufficiently strong, it can be inconsistent when the factors are weak and/or the…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-08-22 Zhongyuan Lyu , Ming Yuan

Factor-based forecasting using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is an effective machine learning tool for dimension reduction with many applications in statistics, economics, and finance. This paper introduces a Supervised Screening and…

Econometrics · Economics 2025-02-24 Sihan Tu , Zhaoxing Gao

Dynamic conditional correlation (DCC) is a method that estimates the correlation between two time series across time. Although used primarily in finance so far, DCC has been proposed recently as a model-based estimation method for…

Applications · Statistics 2020-06-05 Aparna John , Toshikazu Ikuta , Janina D Ferbinteanu , Majnu John

Principal component analysis (PCA) is a popular dimension reduction technique for vector data. Factored PCA (FPCA) is a probabilistic extension of PCA for matrix data, which can substantially reduce the number of parameters in PCA while…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-12-19 Xuan Ma , Jianhua Zhao , Yue Wang

We consider the problem of decomposing a large covariance matrix into the sum of a low-rank matrix and a diagonally dominant matrix, and we call this problem the "Diagonally-Dominant Principal Component Analysis (DD-PCA)". DD-PCA is an…

Methodology · Statistics 2019-06-04 Zheng Tracy Ke , Lingzhou Xue , Fan Yang

The rise in data has led to the need for dimension reduction techniques, especially in the area of non-scalar variables, including time series, natural language processing, and computer vision. In this paper, we specifically investigate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-04 Aniruddha Rajendra Rao , Haiyan Wang , Chetan Gupta

Neurons in higher cortical areas, such as the prefrontal cortex, are known to be tuned to a variety of sensory and motor variables. The resulting diversity of neural tuning often obscures the represented information. Here we introduce a…

We propose a dual-factor model for high-dimensional functional time series (HDFTS) that considers multiple populations. The HDFTS is first decomposed into a collection of functional time series (FTS) in a lower dimension and a group of…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-05-13 Chen Tang , Han Lin Shang , Yanrong Yang , Yang Yang

Principal component analysis (PCA) is widely used for feature extraction and dimensionality reduction, with documented merits in diverse tasks involving high-dimensional data. Standard PCA copes with one dataset at a time, but it is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-01-30 Jia Chen , Gang Wang , Georgios B. Giannakis

Principal component analysis (PCA) is a widely used dimension reduction tool in the analysis of many kind of high-dimensional data. It is used in signal processing, mechanical engineering, psychometrics, and other fields under different…

Methodology · Statistics 2014-01-15 Ngoc Mai Tran , Maria Osipenko , Wolfgang Karl Haerdle