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Recently, there has been considerable attention towards leveraging large language models (LLMs) to enhance decision-making processes. However, aligning the natural language text instructions generated by LLMs with the vectorized operations…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-02-23 Jinyi Liu , Yifu Yuan , Jianye Hao , Fei Ni , Lingzhi Fu , Yibin Chen , Yan Zheng

Process Reward Models (PRMs) have achieved remarkable success in augmenting the reasoning capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) within static domains such as mathematics. However, their potential in dynamic data analysis tasks…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Zhisong Qiu , Shuofei Qiao , Kewei Xu , Yuqi Zhu , Lun Du , Ningyu Zhang , Huajun Chen

Prompting has shown impressive success in enabling large pretrained language models (LMs) to perform diverse NLP tasks, especially when only few downstream data are available. Automatically finding the optimal prompt for each task, however,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-25 Mingkai Deng , Jianyu Wang , Cheng-Ping Hsieh , Yihan Wang , Han Guo , Tianmin Shu , Meng Song , Eric P. Xing , Zhiting Hu

Iterative data generation and model re-training can effectively align large language models(LLMs) to human preferences. The process of data sampling is crucial, as it significantly influences the success of policy improvement. Repeated…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-07 Hai Ye , Hwee Tou Ng

Large Language Models (LLMs) like GPT-4o can help automate text classification tasks at low cost and scale. However, there are major concerns about the validity and reliability of LLM outputs. By contrast, human coding is generally more…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-17 Conrad Borchers , Danielle R. Thomas , Jionghao Lin , Ralph Abboud , Kenneth R. Koedinger

Aligning Large Language Models (LLMs) and Large Multimodal Models (LMMs) to human preferences is a central challenge in improving the quality of the models' generative outputs for real-world applications. A common approach is to use reward…

Aligning large language models (LLMs) to human preferences is a crucial step in building helpful and safe AI tools, which usually involve training on supervised datasets. Popular algorithms such as Direct Preference Optimization (DPO) rely…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-05 Honggen Zhang , Xufeng Zhao , Igor Molybog , June Zhang

The increasing use of synthetic data generated by Large Language Models (LLMs) presents both opportunities and challenges in data-driven applications. While synthetic data provides a cost-effective, scalable alternative to real-world data…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-25 Tevin Atwal , Chan Nam Tieu , Yefeng Yuan , Zhan Shi , Yuhong Liu , Liang Cheng

Preference optimization techniques, such as Direct Preference Optimization (DPO), are frequently employed to enhance the reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs) in domains like mathematical reasoning and coding, typically…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-17 Fangkai Jiao , Geyang Guo , Xingxing Zhang , Nancy F. Chen , Shafiq Joty , Furu Wei

In reinforcement learning from human feedback, preference-based reward models play a central role in aligning large language models to human-aligned behavior. However, recent studies show that these models are prone to reward hacking and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-23 Wenqian Ye , Guangtao Zheng , Aidong Zhang

Recent advances in generative super-resolution (SR) have greatly improved visual realism, yet existing evaluation and optimization frameworks remain misaligned with human perception. Full-Reference and No-Reference metrics often fail to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Yushuai Song , Weize Quan , Weining Wang , Jiahui Sun , Jing Liu , Meng Li , Pengbin Yu , Zhentao Chen , Wei Shen , Lunxi Yuan , Dong-ming Yan

Recent studies on post-training large language models (LLMs) for reasoning through reinforcement learning (RL) typically focus on tasks that can be accurately verified and rewarded, such as solving math problems. In contrast, our research…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Ang Lv , Ruobing Xie , Xingwu Sun , Zhanhui Kang , Rui Yan

Large Language Models (LLMs) are prone to hallucination, especially during multi-hop and reasoning-intensive tasks such as mathematical problem solving. While Outcome Reward Models verify only final answers, Process Reward Models (PRMs)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Tej Deep Pala , Panshul Sharma , Amir Zadeh , Chuan Li , Soujanya Poria

Techniques that learn improved representations via offline data or self-supervised objectives have shown impressive results in traditional reinforcement learning (RL). Nevertheless, it is unclear how improved representation learning can…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-25 Vaskar Nath , Dylan Slack , Jeff Da , Yuntao Ma , Hugh Zhang , Spencer Whitehead , Sean Hendryx

Large language models have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in complex mathematical reasoning tasks, but they inevitably generate errors throughout multi-step solutions. Process-level Reward Models (PRMs) have shown great promise by…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Jiuzhou Han , Wray Buntine , Ehsan Shareghi

Reward models (RMs) play a critical role in aligning AI behaviors with human preferences, yet they face two fundamental challenges: (1) Modality Imbalance, where most RMs are mainly focused on text and image modalities, offering limited…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Zhuoran Jin , Hongbang Yuan , Kejian Zhu , Jiachun Li , Pengfei Cao , Yubo Chen , Kang Liu , Jun Zhao

Reward models (RMs) guide the alignment of large language models (LLMs), steering them toward behaviors preferred by humans. Evaluating RMs is the key to better aligning LLMs. However, the current evaluation of RMs may not directly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-07 Enyu Zhou , Guodong Zheng , Binghai Wang , Zhiheng Xi , Shihan Dou , Rong Bao , Wei Shen , Limao Xiong , Jessica Fan , Yurong Mou , Rui Zheng , Tao Gui , Qi Zhang , Xuanjing Huang

Reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF) can improve the quality of large language model's (LLM) outputs by aligning them with human preferences. We propose a simple algorithm for aligning LLMs with human preferences inspired by…

Tutoring is an effective instructional method for enhancing student learning, yet its success relies on the skill and experience of the tutors. This reliance presents challenges for the widespread implementation of tutoring, particularly in…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Chentianye Xu , Jionghao Lin , Tongshuang Wu , Vincent Aleven , Kenneth R. Koedinger

Preference feedback collected by human or VLM annotators is often noisy, presenting a significant challenge for preference-based reinforcement learning that relies on accurate preference labels. To address this challenge, we propose TREND,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-05-12 Shuaiyi Huang , Mara Levy , Anubhav Gupta , Daniel Ekpo , Ruijie Zheng , Abhinav Shrivastava
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