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Belief-propagation (BP) decoding for quantum low-density parity-check (QLDPC) codes is appealing due to its low complexity, yet it often exhibits convergence issues due to quantum degeneracy and short cycles that exist in the Tanner graph.…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-03-12 Mohsen Moradi , Vahid Nourozi , Salman Habib , David G. M. Mitchell

Large-scale quantum computers promise transformative speedups, but their viability hinges on fast and reliable quantum error correction (QEC). At the center of QEC are decoders-classical algorithms running on hardware such as FPGAs, GPUs,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-19 Satvik Maurya , Abtin Molavi , Aws Albarghouthi , Swamit Tannu

Quantum error correction is crucial for protecting quantum information against decoherence. Traditional codes like the surface code require substantial overhead, making them impractical for near-term, early fault-tolerant devices. We…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-13 Nico Meyer , Christopher Mutschler , Andreas Maier , Daniel D. Scherer

Recently introduced Fair-Density Parity-Check (FDPC) codes, targeting high-rate applications, offer superior error-correction performance (ECP) compared to 5G Low-Density Parity-Check (LDPC) codes, given the same number of message-passing…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-06-16 Mohsen Moradi , Sheida Rabeti , Hessam Mahdavifar

We present a family of algorithms, combining real-space renormalization methods and belief propagation, to estimate the free energy of a topologically ordered system in the presence of defects. Such an algorithm is needed to preserve the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-05-14 Guillaume Duclos-Cianci , David Poulin

Photonic circuits in which stateful components are coupled via guided electromagnetic fields are natural candidates for native implementation of iterative stochastic algorithms based on propagation of information around a graph. Conversely,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-16 Dmitri S. Pavlichin , Hideo Mabuchi

Color code is a promising topological code for fault-tolerant quantum computing. Insufficient research on the color code has delayed its practical application. In this work, we address several key issues to facilitate practical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-06-04 Jiaxuan Zhang , Yu-Chun Wu , Guo-Ping Guo

We consider automorphism ensemble decoding (AED) of quasi-cyclic (QC) low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes. Belief propagation (BP) decoding on the conventional factor graph is equivariant to the quasi-cyclic automorphisms and therefore…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-08-17 Marvin Geiselhart , Moustafa Ebada , Ahmed Elkelesh , Jannis Clausius , Stephan ten Brink

Quantum error-correction is a prerequisite for reliable quantum computation. Towards this goal, we present a recurrent, transformer-based neural network which learns to decode the surface code, the leading quantum error-correction code. Our…

Noise poses a challenge for any real-world implementation in quantum information science. The theory of quantum error correction deals with this problem via methods to encode and recover quantum information in a way that is resilient…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-09-10 Kurt M. Schreiter , Aron Pasieka , Rainer Kaltenbaek , Kevin J. Resch , David W. Kribs

Qudits offer significant advantages over qubit-based architectures, including more efficient gate compilation, reduced resource requirements, improved error-correction primitives, and enhanced capabilities for quantum communication and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-18 Daniel J. Spencer , Andrew Tanggara , Tobias Haug , Derek Khu , Kishor Bharti

Atom loss is a dominant error source in neutral-atom quantum processors, yet its correlated structure remains largely unexploited by existing quantum error correction decoders. We analyze the performance of the surface code equipped with…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-27 Hugo Perrin , Gatien Roger , Guido Pupillo

The code that combines channel estimation and error protection has received general attention recently, and has been considered a promising methodology to compensate multi-path fading effect. It has been shown by simulations that such code…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2007-12-18 Chia-Lung Wu , Po-Ning Chen , Yunghsiang S. Han , Ming-Hsin Kuo

In this work, we analyze efficient window shift schemes for windowed decoding of spatially coupled low-density parity-check (SC-LDPC) codes, which is known to yield close-tooptimal decoding results when compared to full belief propagation…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2018-10-03 Kevin Klaiber , Sebastian Cammerer , Laurent Schmalen , Stephan ten Brink

We introduce a sliding window decoder based on belief propagation (BP) with guided decimation for the purposes of decoding quantum low-density parity-check codes in the presence of circuit-level noise. Windowed decoding keeps the decoding…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-03-29 Anqi Gong , Sebastian Cammerer , Joseph M. Renes

For a quantum error correcting code to be used in practice, it needs to be equipped with an efficient decoding algorithm, which identifies corrections given the observed syndrome of errors.Hypergraph product codes are a promising family of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-11-03 Lev Stambler , Anirudh Krishna , Michael E. Beverland

Measurement-based quantum computing (MBQC) in linear optical systems is promising for near-future quantum computing architecture. However, the nondeterministic nature of entangling operations and photon losses hinder the large-scale…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-04-25 Seok-Hyung Lee , Srikrishna Omkar , Yong Siah Teo , Hyunseok Jeong

Practical large-scale quantum computation requires both efficient error correction and robust implementation of logical operations. Three-dimensional (3D) color codes are a promising candidate for fault-tolerant quantum computation due to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-23 Friederike Butt , Lars Esser , Markus Müller

The error floor phenomenon observed with LDPC codes and their graph-based, iterative, message-passing (MP) decoders is commonly attributed to the existence of error-prone substructures -- variously referred to as near codewords, trapping…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2013-09-11 Xiaojie Zhang , Paul H. Siegel

Quantum low-density parity-check (qLDPC) codes can achieve high encoding rates and good code distance scaling, providing a promising route to low-overhead fault-tolerant quantum computing. However, the long-range connectivity required to…