Related papers: Golden ratio in graph theory: A survey
We investigate the topological structure of the decimal expansions of the three famous naturally occurring irrational numbers, $\pi$, $e$, and golden ratio, by explicitly calculating the diversity of the pair distributions of the ten digits…
In 1987, R. B. Paris uses the analytic function \[\label{main} g(w)=\lim_{n\to\infty}(2\varphi)^n\biggl(\underbrace{\sqrt{1+\sqrt{1+...\sqrt{1+w}}}}_n-\varphi\biggr),\ \ \ \varphi=\frac{1+\sqrt{5}}2, \] to estimate the convergence of nested…
Let $\alpha=(1+\sqrt 5)/2$, the golden ratio, and $\beta=-1/\alpha=(1 - \sqrt 5)/2$. Let $F_n$ and $L_n$ be the Fibonacci and Lucas numbers, defined by $F_n=(\alpha^n -\beta^n)/\sqrt 5$ and $L_n=\alpha^n + \beta^n$, for all non-negative…
It is demonstrated that iterative repeating of some simple geometric construction leads unavoidably in the limit to the golden ratio. The procedure appears to be quickly convergent regardless of a ratio of initial elements sizes. This could…
For a graph G, let f_{ij} be the number of spanning rooted forests in which vertex j belongs to a tree rooted at i. In this paper, we show that for a path, the f_{ij}'s can be expressed as the products of Fibonacci numbers; for a cycle,…
On each nonorientable surface of odd genus $g \geq 5$, we give a mapping class whose dilatation on an invariant subsurface is the golden ratio.
Exploiting Markoff's Theory for rational approximations of real numbers, we explicitly link how hard it is to approximate a given number to an idealized notion of growth capacity for plants which we express as a modular invariant function…
We show that the geometric aspect ratio of the Twin Dragon equals $1/\varphi$, where $\varphi = (1+\sqrt{5})/2$ is the golden ratio. The result follows by solving the covariance fixed-point equation for the self-similar measure, which…
The Fibonacci sequence (FS) possesses exceptional mathematical properties that have captivated mathematicians, scientists, and artists across centuries. Its intriguing nature lies in its profound connection to the golden ratio, as well as…
In this expository paper written to commemorate Fibonacci Day 2016, we discuss famous relations involving the Fibonacci sequence, the golden ratio, continued fractions and nested radicals, and show how these fit into a more general…
Euler function $\phi(n)$ is the number of positive integers less than $n$ and relatively prime to $n$. Suppose that $\phi^1(n)=\phi(n)$ and $\phi^i(n)=\phi(\phi^{i-1}(n))$. Let $A\subseteq \mathbb{N}$, and $A_{\phi}=\{ \phi^k(n)| n\in A ,…
Natural numbers divisible by the same prime factor lie on defined spiral graphs which are running through the Square Root Spiral (also named as the Spiral of Theodorus or Wurzel Spirale or Einstein Spiral). Prime Numbers also clearly…
Graph theory provides fundamental concepts for many fields of science like statistical physics, network analysis and theoretical computer science. Here we give a pedagogical introduction to graph theory, divided into three sections. In the…
We find an interesting relationship between the golden ratio, the Moebius function, the Euler totient function and the natural logarithm - central players in the theory of numbers. A number of identities involving the golden ratio and its…
The golden mean, Phi, has been applied in diverse situations in art, architecture and music, and although some have claimed that it represents a basic aesthetic proportion, others have argued that it is only one of a large number of such…
Graph symmetries intervene in diverse applications, from enumeration, to graph structure compression, to the discovery of graph dynamics (e.g., node arrival order inference). Whereas Erd\H{o}s-R\'enyi graphs are typically asymmetric, real…
Given a finite set of real numbers $A$, the generalised golden ratio is the unique real number $\mathcal{G}(A) > 1$ for which we only have trivial unique expansions in smaller bases, and have non-trivial unique expansions in larger bases.…
We conjecture a Fibonacci-like property on the number of numerical semigroups of a given genus. Moreover we conjecture that the associated quotient sequence approaches the golden ratio. The conjecture is motivated by the results on the…
This paper presents a detailed, self-contained proof of a BBP-type formula for $\pi^2$ expressed in the golden ratio base, $\phi$. The formula was discovered empirically by the author in 2004. The proof presented herein is built upon a…
We show among others that the formula: $$ \lfloor n + \log_{\Phi}\{\sqrt{5}(\log_{\Phi}(\sqrt{5}n) + n) -5 + \frac{3}{n}\} - 2 \rfloor (n \geq 2), $$ (where $\Phi$ denotes the golden ratio and $\lfloor \rfloor$ denotes the integer part)…