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Real-world deployment often exposes models to distribution shifts, making test-time adaptation (TTA) critical for robustness. Yet most TTA methods are unfriendly to edge deployment, as they rely on backpropagation, activation buffering, or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Xinyu Luo , Jie Liu , Kecheng Chen , Junyi Yang , Bo Ding , Arindam Basu , Haoliang Li

A critical and challenging problem in reinforcement learning is how to learn the state-action value function from the experience replay buffer and simultaneously keep sample efficiency and faster convergence to a high quality solution. In…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-04-25 Weichao Li , Fuxian Huang , Xi Li , Gang Pan , Fei Wu

Test-time training (TTT) adapts model parameters on unlabeled test instances during inference time, which continuously extends capabilities beyond the reach of offline training. Despite initial gains, existing TTT methods for LRMs plateau…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Qingyang Zhang , Xinke Kong , Haitao Wu , Qinghua Hu , Minghao Wu , Baosong Yang , Yu Cheng , Yun Luo , Ganqu Cui , Changqing Zhang

In recent advancements in Test Time Adaptation (TTA), most existing methodologies focus on updating normalization layers to adapt to the test domain. However, the reliance on normalization-based adaptation presents key challenges. First,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Hyeongyu Kim , Geonhui Han , Dosik Hwang

Anomaly detection is a well-known task that involves the identification of abnormal events that occur relatively infrequently. Methods for improving anomaly detection performance have been widely studied. However, no studies utilizing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-10 Seffi Cohen , Niv Goldshlager , Lior Rokach , Bracha Shapira

Deep neural networks often exhibit poor performance on data that is unlikely under the train-time data distribution, for instance data affected by corruptions. Previous works demonstrate that test-time adaptation to data shift, for instance…

We propose Test-Time Augmentation (TTA) as an effective technique for addressing combinatorial optimization problems, including the Traveling Salesperson Problem. In general, deep learning models possessing the property of invariance, where…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-09 Ryo Ishiyama , Takahiro Shirakawa , Seiichi Uchida , Shinnosuke Matsuo

Continual Test-Time Adaptation (CTTA) aims to adapt the source model to continually changing unlabeled target domains without access to the source data. Existing methods mainly focus on model-based adaptation in a self-training manner, such…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-02-14 Yulu Gan , Yan Bai , Yihang Lou , Xianzheng Ma , Renrui Zhang , Nian Shi , Lin Luo

Open-set test-time adaptation (OSTTA) addresses the challenge of adapting models to new environments where out-of-distribution (OOD) samples coexist with in-distribution (ID) samples affected by distribution shifts. In such settings,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-03 Wenjie Zhao , Jia Li , Xin Dong , Yapeng Tian , Yu Xiang , Yunhui Guo

Test-time adaptation approaches have recently emerged as a practical solution for handling domain shift without access to the source domain data. In this paper, we propose and explore a new multi-modal extension of test-time adaptation for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-04-28 Inkyu Shin , Yi-Hsuan Tsai , Bingbing Zhuang , Samuel Schulter , Buyu Liu , Sparsh Garg , In So Kweon , Kuk-Jin Yoon

In temporal action segmentation, Timestamp supervision requires only a handful of labelled frames per video sequence. For unlabelled frames, previous works rely on assigning hard labels, and performance rapidly collapses under subtle…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-07-22 Rahul Rahaman , Dipika Singhania , Alexandre Thiery , Angela Yao

Continual learning is the problem of learning new tasks or knowledge while protecting old knowledge and ideally generalizing from old experience to learn new tasks faster. Neural networks trained by stochastic gradient descent often degrade…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-27 David Rolnick , Arun Ahuja , Jonathan Schwarz , Timothy P. Lillicrap , Greg Wayne

Existing popular unsupervised embedding learning methods focus on enhancing the instance-level local discrimination of the given unlabeled images by exploring various negative data. However, the existed sample outliers which exhibit large…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-07-20 Jiahuan Zhou , Yansong Tang , Bing Su , Ying Wu

While the design of blind image quality assessment (IQA) algorithms has improved significantly, the distribution shift between the training and testing scenarios often leads to a poor performance of these methods at inference time. This…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-09-27 Subhadeep Roy , Shankhanil Mitra , Soma Biswas , Rajiv Soundararajan

This article presents a comprehensive survey of online test-time adaptation (OTTA), focusing on effectively adapting machine learning models to distributionally different target data upon batch arrival. Despite the recent proliferation of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-07-19 Zixin Wang , Yadan Luo , Liang Zheng , Zhuoxiao Chen , Sen Wang , Zi Huang

Test Time Adaptation (TTA) is a pivotal concept in machine learning, enabling models to perform well in real-world scenarios, where test data distribution differs from training. In this work, we propose a novel approach called pseudo Source…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-23 Manogna Sreenivas , Goirik Chakrabarty , Soma Biswas

Deep learning-based medical image segmentation models often face performance degradation when deployed across various medical centers, largely due to the discrepancies in data distribution. Test Time Adaptation (TTA) methods, which adapt…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-15 Shishuai Hu , Zehui Liao , Zeyou Liu , Yong Xia

Test-time adaptation (TTA) of visual language models has recently attracted significant attention as a solution to the performance degradation caused by distribution shifts in downstream tasks. However, existing cache-based TTA methods have…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-01 Haotian Zhai , Xinyu Chen , Can Zhang , Tianming Sha , Ruirui Li

Machine learning models must continuously self-adjust themselves for novel data distribution in the open world. As the predominant principle, entropy minimization (EM) has been proven to be a simple yet effective cornerstone in existing…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-10-16 Qingyang Zhang , Yatao Bian , Xinke Kong , Peilin Zhao , Changqing Zhang

Mislabeled samples are ubiquitous in real-world datasets as rule-based or expert labeling is usually based on incorrect assumptions or subject to biased opinions. Neural networks can "memorize" these mislabeled samples and, as a result,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-24 Katharina Rombach , Gabriel Michau , Olga Fink
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