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It is important to detect anomalous inputs when deploying machine learning systems. The use of larger and more complex inputs in deep learning magnifies the difficulty of distinguishing between anomalous and in-distribution examples. At the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-01-30 Dan Hendrycks , Mantas Mazeika , Thomas Dietterich

Autonomous vehicles (AVs) use object detection models to recognize their surroundings and make driving decisions accordingly. Conventional object detection approaches classify objects into known classes, which limits the AV's ability to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Menna Taha , Aya Ahmed , Mohammed Karmoose , Yasser Gadallah

Open Set Recognition (OSR) extends image classification to an open-world setting, by simultaneously classifying known classes and identifying unknown ones. While conventional OSR approaches can detect Out-of-Distribution (OOD) samples, they…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-08-16 Piyapat Saranrittichai , Chaithanya Kumar Mummadi , Claudia Blaiotta , Mauricio Munoz , Volker Fischer

The detection and localization of anomalies is one important medical image analysis task. Most commonly, Computer Vision anomaly detection approaches rely on manual annotations that are both time consuming and expensive to obtain.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-14 Sergio Naval Marimont , Giacomo Tarroni

Anomaly detection, or outlier detection, is a crucial task in various domains to identify instances that significantly deviate from established patterns or the majority of data. In the context of autonomous driving, the identification of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-07 Martin Bikandi , Gorka Velez , Naiara Aginako , Itziar Irigoien

Unknown Object Detection (UOD) aims to identify objects of unseen categories, differing from the traditional detection paradigm limited by the closed-world assumption. A key component of UOD is learning a generalized representation, i.e.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-16 Haomiao Liu , Hao Xu , Chuhuai Yue , Bo Ma

Semantic segmentation models, while effective for in-distribution categories, face challenges in real-world deployment due to encountering out-of-distribution (OoD) objects. Detecting these OoD objects is crucial for safety-critical…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-29 Wenjie Zhao , Jia Li , Xin Dong , Yu Xiang , Yunhui Guo

Outlier detection (OD) is a key machine learning (ML) task for identifying abnormal objects from general samples with numerous high-stake applications including fraud detection and intrusion detection. Due to the lack of ground truth…

Out-of-stock (OOS) detection is a very important retail verification process that aims to infer the unavailability of products in their designated areas on the shelf. In this paper, we introduce OOS-DSD, a novel deep learning-based method…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Franko Šikić , Sven Lončarić

Deep neural networks (DNNs) for the semantic segmentation of images are usually trained to operate on a predefined closed set of object classes. This is in contrast to the "open world" setting where DNNs are envisioned to be deployed to.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-07-28 Robin Chan , Matthias Rottmann , Hanno Gottschalk

The detection of unknown traffic obstacles is vital to ensure safe autonomous driving. The standard object-detection methods cannot identify unknown objects that are not included under predefined categories. This is because object-detection…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-28 Chihiro Noguchi , Toshiaki Ohgushi , Masao Yamanaka

Anomaly detection aims to recognize samples with anomalous and unusual patterns with respect to a set of normal data. This is significant for numerous domain applications, such as industrial inspection, medical imaging, and security…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-03-30 Shuo Wang , Tianle Chen , Shangyu Chen , Carsten Rudolph , Surya Nepal , Marthie Grobler

Out-of-distribution detection seeks to identify novelties, samples that deviate from the norm. The task has been found to be quite challenging, particularly in the case where the normal data distribution consists of multiple semantic…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-09-23 Niv Cohen , Ron Abutbul , Yedid Hoshen

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is essential for deploying machine learning models in open-world and safety-critical scenarios, where test inputs may deviate from the training distribution and overconfident predictions on unknown…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Fengqiang Wan , Qing-Yuan Jiang , Yang Yang

Detecting out-of-distribution (OOD) samples is essential when deploying machine learning models in open-world scenarios. Zero-shot OOD detection, requiring no training on in-distribution (ID) data, has been possible with the advent of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Chentao Cao , Zhun Zhong , Zhanke Zhou , Yang Liu , Tongliang Liu , Bo Han

Addressing the Out-of-Distribution (OoD) segmentation task is a prerequisite for perception systems operating in an open-world environment. Large foundational models are frequently used in downstream tasks, however, their potential for OoD…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-11 Nazir Nayal , Youssef Shoeb , Fatma Güney

Open-set object detection (OSOD), a task involving the detection of unknown objects while accurately detecting known objects, has recently gained attention. However, we identify a fundamental issue with the problem formulation employed in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Yusuke Hosoya , Masanori Suganuma , Takayuki Okatani

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is crucial for ensuring the reliability of deep learning models. Existing methods mostly focus on regular entangled representations to discriminate in-distribution (ID) and OOD data, neglecting the rich…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Boyang Dai , Chaoqi Chen , Yizhou Yu

Conventional camera-based 3D object detectors in autonomous driving are limited to recognizing a predefined set of objects, which poses a safety risk when encountering novel or unseen objects in real-world scenarios. To address this…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Zhuolin He , Xinrun Li , Jiacheng Tang , Shoumeng Qiu , Wenfu Wang , Xiangyang Xue , Jian Pu

Open World Object Detection (OWOD) is a new and challenging computer vision task that bridges the gap between classic object detection (OD) benchmarks and object detection in the real world. In addition to detecting and classifying…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-12-06 Orr Zohar , Kuan-Chieh Wang , Serena Yeung