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In prepare-and-measure quantum key distribution systems, careful preparation of quantum states within the transmitter device is a significant driver of both complexity and cost. Moreover, the security guarantees of such systems rest on the…

Based on the idea that there is no side channel in the vacuum state, the side-channel-free quantum key distribution (SCFQKD) protocol was proposed, which is immune to all attacks in the source side-channel space and all attacks in the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-05-20 Cong Jiang , Zong-Wen Yu , Xiao-Long Hu , Xiang-Bin Wang

Recently, a quantum key distribution (QKD) scheme based on entanglement swapping, called measurement-device-independent QKD (mdiQKD), was proposed to bypass all detector side-channel attacks. While mdiQKD is conceptually elegant and offers…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-12-18 Charles Ci Wen Lim , Boris Korzh , Anthony Martin , Felix Bussieres , Rob Thew , Hugo Zbinden

Quantum key distribution (QKD) has convincingly been proven compatible with real life applications. Its wide-scale deployment in optical networks will benefit from an optical platform that allows miniature devices capable of encoding the…

Quantum dialogue is a process of two way secure and simultaneous communication using a single channel. Recently, a Measurement Device Independent Quantum Dialogue (MDI-QD) protocol has been proposed (Quantum Information Processing 16.12…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-02-23 Nayana Das , Goutam Paul

Quantum digital signatures (QDSs), which distribute and measure quantum states by key generation protocols and then sign messages via classical data processing, are a key area of interest in quantum cryptography. However, the practical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-07-16 Jing-Wei Bian , Bing-Hong Li , Yuan-Mei Xie , Hua-Lei Yin , Zeng-Bing Chen

Remarkably, it has been shown that in principle, security proofs for quantum key-distribution (QKD) protocols can be independent of assumptions on the devices used and even of the fact that the adversary is limited by quantum theory. All…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-01-29 Benno Salwey , Stefan Wolf

Coherent one-way quantum key distribution (COW-QKD) has been widely investigated, and even been deployed in real-world quantum network. However, the proposal of the zero-error attack has critically undermined its security guarantees, and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-13 Xiao-Yu Cao , Xiao-Ran Sun , Ming-Yang Li , Yu-Shuo Lu , Hua-Lei Yin , Zeng-Bing Chen

We find that existing multi-party quantum key agreement (MQKA) protocols designed for fairness of the key are, in fact, unfair. Our analysis shows that these protocols are sensitive to collusive attacks; that is, dishonest participants can…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-02-02 Bin Liu , Di Xiao , Heng-Yue Jia

In practical quantum communication, imperfect devices may introduce side channels, creating opportunities for eavesdroppers. Especially on the source side, the side channels created by active modulation may compromise the security of the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-30 Jia-Wei Ying , Qi Zhang , Shi-Pu Gu , Xing-Fu Wang , Lan Zhou , Yu-Bo Sheng

In recent years, there has been a great effort to prove the security of quantum key distribution (QKD) with a minimum number of assumptions. Besides its intrinsic theoretical interest, this would allow for larger tolerance against device…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-03-28 Kiyoshi Tamaki , Marcos Curty , Marco Lucamarini

Quantum key distribution (QKD) gaurantees unconditional communication security based on the laws of quantum physics. However, practical QKD suffers from a number of quantum hackings due to the device imperfections. From the security…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-03-18 Yong-Su Kim , Yujun Choi , Osung Kwon , Sang-Wook Han , Sung Moon

The first two party Quantum Key Agreement (QKA) protocol, based on quantum teleportation, was proposed by Zhou et al. (Electronics Letters 40.18 (2004): 1149-1150). In this protocol, to obtain the key bit string, one of the parties use a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-11-03 Nayana Das , Ritajit Majumdar

Security of modern classical data encryption often relies on computationally hard problems, which can be trivialized with the advent of quantum computers. A potential remedy for this is quantum communication which takes advantage of the…

The security of quantum key distribution (QKD) is severely threatened by discrepancies between realistic devices and theoretical assumptions. Recently, a significant framework called the reference technique was proposed to provide security…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-11-21 Jie Gu , Xiao-Yu Cao , Yao Fu , Zong-Wu He , Ze-Jie Yin , Hua-Lei Yin , Zeng-Bing Chen

In contrast to classical public-key cryptosystems, where the security of encoded messages relies on on computational assumptions, Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) enables two distant parties to establish a shared secret key that, when…

Quantum key distribution (QKD) theoretically provides unconditional security between remote parties. However, guaranteeing practical security through device characterisation alone is challenging in real-world implementations due to the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-29 Hao Dong , Cong Jiang , Di Ma , Chi Zhang , Jia Huang , Hao Li , Li-Xing You , Yang Liu , Xiang-Bin Wang , Qiang Zhang , Jian-Wei Pan

Quantum communication networks are crucial for both secure communication and cryptographic networked tasks. Building quantum communication networks in a scalable and cost-effective way is essential for their widespread adoption, among which…

Quantum key distribution can provide unconditionally secure key exchange for remote users in theory. In practice, however, in most quantum key distribution systems, quantum hackers might steal the secure keys by listening to the side…

Security in quantum cryptography is continuously challenged by inventive attacks targeting the real components of a cryptographic setup, and duly restored by new counter-measures to foil them. Due to their high sensitivity and complex…