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Federated learning (FL) enables leveraging distributed private data for model training in a privacy-preserving way. However, data heterogeneity significantly limits the performance of current FL methods. In this paper, we propose a novel FL…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-12 Rui Ye , Xinyu Zhu , Jingyi Chai , Siheng Chen , Yanfeng Wang

Federated learning protects data privacy and security by exchanging models instead of data. However, unbalanced data distributions among participating clients compromise the accuracy and convergence speed of federated learning algorithms.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-11 Qilong Wu , Lin Liu , Shibei Xue

Federated Learning (FL) enables collaborative model training across multiple clients without sharing their private data. However, data heterogeneity across clients leads to client drift, which degrades the overall generalization performance…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Alina Devkota , Jacob Thrasher , Donald Adjeroh , Binod Bhattarai , Prashnna K. Gyawali

Heterogeneous federated learning (HFL) aims to ensure effective and privacy-preserving collaboration among different entities. As newly joined clients require significant adjustments and additional training to align with the existing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-29 Kaile Wang , Jiannong Cao , Yu Yang , Xiaoyin Li , Mingjin Zhang

Federated Learning (FL) is a distributed learning approach that trains machine learning models across multiple devices while keeping their local data private. However, FL often faces challenges due to data heterogeneity, leading to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Dun Zeng , Zheshun Wu , Shiyu Liu , Yu Pan , Xiaoying Tang , Zenglin Xu

Federated Learning (FL) models often experience client drift caused by heterogeneous data, where the distribution of data differs across clients. To address this issue, advanced research primarily focuses on manipulating the existing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-15 Zhenheng Tang , Yonggang Zhang , Shaohuai Shi , Xinmei Tian , Tongliang Liu , Bo Han , Xiaowen Chu

Synchronous federated learning (FL) scales poorly with the number of clients due to the straggler effect. Algorithms like FedAsync and GeneralizedFedAsync address this limitation by enabling asynchronous communication between clients and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-23 Abdelkrim Alahyane , Céline Comte , Matthieu Jonckheere , Éric Moulines

Federated learning (FL) as a distributed learning paradigm has a significant advantage in addressing large-scale machine learning tasks. In the Euclidean setting, FL algorithms have been extensively studied with both theoretical and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Zhenwei Huang , Wen Huang , Pratik Jawanpuria , Bamdev Mishra

Federated Learning (FL) is a distributed machine learning paradigm that allows clients to train models on their data while preserving their privacy. FL algorithms, such as Federated Averaging (FedAvg) and its variants, have been shown to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-05 Changxin Xu , Yuxin Qiao , Zhanxin Zhou , Fanghao Ni , Jize Xiong

This paper proposes an algorithm for Federated Learning (FL) with a two-layer structure that achieves both variance reduction and a faster convergence rate to an optimal solution in the setting where each agent has an arbitrary probability…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-04 M. R. Rostami , S. S. Kia

We consider a composite optimization problem where the sum of a continuously differentiable and a merely lower semicontinuous function has to be minimized. The proximal gradient algorithm is the classical method for solving such a problem…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-05-01 Xiaoxi Jia , Christian Kanzow , Patrick Mehlitz

Federated Learning (FL) enables collaborative model training across distributed clients while preserving data privacy, yet faces challenges in non-independent and identically distributed (non-IID) settings due to client drift, which impairs…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Mohammad Partohaghighi , Roummel Marcia , Bruce J. West , YangQuan Chen

Federated Learning (FL) allows multiple privacy-sensitive applications to leverage their dataset for a global model construction without any disclosure of the information. One of those domains is healthcare, where groups of silos…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-06 Usevalad Milasheuski , Luca Barbieri , Bernardo Camajori Tedeschini , Monica Nicoli , Stefano Savazzi

Decentralized optimization has become a fundamental tool for large-scale learning systems; however, most existing methods rely on the classical Lipschitz smoothness assumption, which is often violated in problems with rapidly varying…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-01-08 Yanan Bo , Yongqiang Wang

Federated learning (FL) has emerged as a new paradigm for privacy-preserving collaborative training. Under domain skew, the current FL approaches are biased and face two fairness problems. 1) Parameter Update Conflict: data disparity among…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-28 Yuhang Chen , Wenke Huang , Mang Ye

Federated learning (FL) is an emerging learning paradigm to tackle massively distributed data. In Federated Learning, a set of clients jointly perform a machine learning task under the coordination of a server. The FedAvg algorithm is one…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-14 Junyi Li , Feihu Huang , Heng Huang

Federated Learning (FL) is an innovative distributed machine learning paradigm that enables neural network training across devices without centralizing data. While this addresses issues of information sharing and data privacy, challenges…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-09 Jiayu Liu , Yong Wang , Nianbin Wang , Jing Yang , Xiaohui Tao

Conventional gradient-sharing approaches for federated learning (FL), such as FedAvg, rely on aggregation of local models and often face performance degradation under differential privacy (DP) mechanisms or data heterogeneity, which can be…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-25 Hui-Po Wang , Dingfan Chen , Raouf Kerkouche , Mario Fritz

Modern machine learning architectures are often highly expressive. They are usually over-parameterized and can interpolate the data by driving the empirical loss close to zero. We analyze the convergence of Local SGD (or FedAvg) for such…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-11 Tiancheng Qin , S. Rasoul Etesami , César A. Uribe

Traditional federated optimization methods perform poorly with heterogeneous data (ie, accuracy reduction), especially for highly skewed data. In this paper, we investigate the label distribution skew in FL, where the distribution of labels…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-27 Jie Zhang , Zhiqi Li , Bo Li , Jianghe Xu , Shuang Wu , Shouhong Ding , Chao Wu