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We study binary decision-making in governance councils of Decentralized Autonomous Organizations (DAOs), where experts choose between two alternatives on behalf of the organization. We introduce an information structure model for such…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Nuno Braz , Miguel Correia , Diogo Poças

Transformer-based models have demonstrated superior performance in various fields, including natural language processing and computer vision. However, their enormous model size and high demands in computation, memory, and communication…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-04-28 Ye Qiao , Zhiheng Chen , Yian Wang , Yifan Zhang , Yunzhe Deng , Sitao Huang

Algorand is a scalable and secure permissionless blockchain that achieves proof-of-stake consensus via cryptographic self-sortition and binary Byzantine agreement. In this paper we present a process algebraic model of the Algorand consensus…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Andrea Esposito , Francesco P. Rossi , Marco Bernardo , Francesco Fabris , Hubert Garavel

The Algorand blockchain is a secure and decentralized public ledger based on pure proof of stake rather than proof of work. At its core it is a novel consensus protocol with exactly one block certified in each round: that is, the protocol…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-08-26 Musab A. Alturki , Jing Chen , Victor Luchangco , Brandon Moore , Karl Palmskog , Lucas Peña , Grigore Roşu

The paper presents Pluralize a formal logical framework able to extend the execution of blockchain transactions to events coming from external oracles, like external time, sensor data, human-made declarations, etc. These events are by…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-12-14 Zaynah Dargaye , Antonella Pozzo , Sara Tucci-Piergiovanni

The Bitcoin Network is a sophisticated accounting system that allows its underlying cryptocurrency to be trusted even in the absence of a reliable financial authority. Given its undeniable success, the technology, generally referred to as…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Giulio Caldarelli

Verifying multi-threaded programs is becoming more and more important, because of the strong trend to increase the number of processing units per CPU socket. We introduce a new configurable program analysis for verifying multi-threaded…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2016-12-23 Dirk Beyer , Karlheinz Friedberger

The blockchain oracle problem, which refers to the challenge of injecting reliable external data into decentralized systems, remains a fundamental limitation to the development of trustless applications. While recent years have seen a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-04 Giulio Caldarelli

In this paper, we present Talaria, a novel permissioned blockchain simulator that supports numerous protocols and use cases, most notably in supply chain management. Talaria extends the capability of BlockSim, an existing blockchain…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-04-01 Jiali Xing , David Fischer , Nitya Labh , Ryan Piersma , Benjamin C. Lee , Yu Amy Xia , Tuhin Sahai , Vahid Tarokh

Safety is a crucial necessity in many applications of reinforcement learning (RL), whether robotic, automotive, or medical. Many existing approaches to safe RL rely on receiving numeric safety feedback, but in many cases this feedback can…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-27 Andrew Bennett , Dipendra Misra , Nathan Kallus

The black-box service model enables ML service providers to serve clients while keeping their intellectual property and client data confidential. Confidentiality is critical for delivering ML services legally and responsibly, but makes it…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Olive Franzese , Ali Shahin Shamsabadi , Carter Luck , Hamed Haddadi

Blockchain technology has emerged as a revolutionary tool in ensuring data integrity and security in digital transactions. However, the current approaches to data verification in blockchain systems, particularly in Ethereum, face challenges…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-04-11 Oleksandr Kuznetsov , Alex Rusnak , Anton Yezhov , Dzianis Kanonik , Kateryna Kuznetsova , Stanislav Karashchuk

Secure sensor calibration constitutes a foundational step that underpins operational safety in the Industrial Internet of Things. While much attention has been given to IoT security such as the use of TLS to secure sensed data, little…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-03-03 Ryan Shah , Michael McIntee , Shishir Nagaraja , Sahil Bhandary , Prerna Arote , Joy Kuri

Blockchain protocols come with a variety of security guarantees. For example, BFT-inspired protocols such as Algorand tend to be secure in the partially synchronous setting, while longest chain protocols like Bitcoin will normally require…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-11-08 Andrew Lewis-Pye , Tim Roughgarden

Recently, an ingenious protocol called Algorand has been proposed to overcome these limitations. Algorand uses an innovative process - called cryptographic sortition - to securely and unpredictably elect a set of voters from the network…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-01-30 Mauro Conti , Ankit Gangwal , Michele Todero

Recent data protection regulations (such as GDPR and CCPA) grant consumers various rights, including the right to access, modify or delete any personal information collected about them (and retained) by a service provider. To exercise these…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-10-25 Scott Jordan , Yoshimichi Nakatsuka , Ercan Ozturk , Andrew Paverd , Gene Tsudik

As known, blockchains are traditionally blind to the real world. This implies the reliance on third parties called oracles when extrinsic data is needed for smart contracts. However, reintroducing trust and single point of failure, oracles…

General Economics · Economics 2021-12-28 Giulio Caldarelli

Entity resolution is central to data integration and data cleaning. Algorithmic approaches have been improving in quality, but remain far from perfect. Crowdsourcing platforms offer a more accurate but expensive (and slow) way to bring…

Databases · Computer Science 2012-08-10 Jiannan Wang , Tim Kraska , Michael J. Franklin , Jianhua Feng

Security bugs and trapdoors in smart contracts have been impacting the Ethereum community since its inception. Conceptually, the 1.45-million Ethereum's contracts form a single "gigantic program" whose behaviors are determined by the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-08 Thomas Ball , Nikolaj S. Bjørner , Ashley J. Chen , Shuo Chen , Yang Chen , Zhongxin Guo , Tzu-Han Hsu , Peng Liu , Nanqing Luo

Most popular blockchain solutions, like Bitcoin, rely on proof-of-work, guaranteeing that the output of the consensus is agreed upon with high probability. However, this probability depends on the delivery of messages and that the…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2016-05-19 Christopher Natoli , Vincent Gramoli