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Emergent misalignment, where fine-tuning on narrow, non-harmful tasks induces harmful behaviors, poses a key challenge for AI safety in LLMs. Despite growing empirical evidence, its underlying mechanism remains unclear. To uncover the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Gouki Minegishi , Hiroki Furuta , Takeshi Kojima , Yusuke Iwasawa , Yutaka Matsuo

High-dimensional measurements are often correlated which motivates their approximation by factor models. This holds also true when features are engineered via low-dimensional interactions or kernel tricks. This often results in over…

Applications · Statistics 2025-09-03 Xiaonan Zhu , Bingyan Wang , Jianqing Fan

Measuring the accuracy of face recognition (FR) systems is essential for improving performance and ensuring responsible use. Accuracy is typically estimated using large annotated datasets, which are costly and difficult to obtain. We…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-24 Manuel Knott , Ignacio Serna , Ethan Mann , Pietro Perona

Deepfake technology has raised concerns about the authenticity of digital content, necessitating the development of effective detection methods. However, the widespread availability of deepfakes has given rise to a new challenge in the form…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-15 Sarwar Khan

Adversarial data can lead to malfunction of deep learning applications. It is essential to develop deep learning models that are robust to adversarial data while accurate on standard, clean data. In this study, we proposed a novel…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-02-15 Degan Hao , Dooman Arefan , Margarita Zuley , Wendie Berg , Shandong Wu

Face anti-spoofing (FAS) plays a vital role in securing face recognition systems from presentation attacks. Benefitted from the maturing camera sensors, single-modal (RGB) and multi-modal (e.g., RGB+Depth) FAS has been applied in various…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-17 Zitong Yu , Ajian Liu , Chenxu Zhao , Kevin H. M. Cheng , Xu Cheng , Guoying Zhao

Face anti-spoofing aims to discriminate the spoofing face images (e.g., printed photos) from live ones. However, adversarial examples greatly challenge its credibility, where adding some perturbation noise can easily change the predictions.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-05-03 Songlin Yang , Wei Wang , Chenye Xu , Ziwen He , Bo Peng , Jing Dong

This paper proposes a data driven model to predict the performance of a face recognition system based on image quality features. We model the relationship between image quality features (e.g. pose, illumination, etc.) and recognition…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2015-10-27 Abhishek Dutta , Raymond Veldhuis , Luuk Spreeuwers

Demographic fairness in face recognition (FR) has emerged as a critical area of research, given its impact on fairness, equity, and reliability across diverse applications. As FR technologies are increasingly deployed globally, disparities…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-25 Ketan Kotwal , Sebastien Marcel

Models trained with empirical risk minimization (ERM) are known to learn to rely on spurious features, i.e., their prediction is based on undesired auxiliary features which are strongly correlated with class labels but lack causal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-11 Phuong Quynh Le , Jörg Schlötterer , Christin Seifert

When a high-resolution (HR) image is degraded into a low-resolution (LR) image, the image loses some of the existing information. Consequently, multiple HR images can correspond to the LR image. Most of the existing methods do not consider…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-07-19 Hanbyel Cho , Yekang Lee , Jaemyung Yu , Junmo Kim

With the growing attention on data privacy and communication security in face recognition applications, federated learning has been introduced to learn a face recognition model with decentralized datasets in a privacy-preserving manner.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Di Qiu , Xinyang Lin , Kaiye Wang , Xiangxiang Chu , Pengfei Yan

Face recognition under extreme head poses is a challenging task. Ideally, a face recognition system should perform well across different head poses, which is known as pose-invariant face recognition. To achieve pose invariance, current…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-06 Patrik Mesec , Alan Jović

Face fill-light enhancement (FFE) brightens underexposed faces by adding virtual fill light while keeping the original scene illumination and background unchanged. Most face relighting methods aim to reshape overall lighting, which can…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-05 Jue Gong , Zihan Zhou , Jingkai Wang , Xiaohong Liu , Yulun Zhang , Xiaokang Yang

Motion blur, out of focus, insufficient spatial resolution, lossy compression and many other factors can all cause an image to have poor quality. However, image quality is a largely ignored issue in traditional pattern recognition…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-01-22 Fei Yang , Qian Zhang , Miaohui Wang , Guoping Qiu

The current state-of-the-art No-Reference Image Quality Assessment (NR-IQA) methods typically rely on feature extraction from upstream semantic backbone networks, assuming that all extracted features are relevant. However, we make a key…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Xudong Li , Timin Gao , Runze Hu , Yan Zhang , Shengchuan Zhang , Xiawu Zheng , Jingyuan Zheng , Yunhang Shen , Ke Li , Yutao Liu , Pingyang Dai , Rongrong Ji

Person re-identification (Re-ID) is a challenging task that involves identifying the same person across different camera views in surveillance systems. Current methods usually rely on features from single-camera views, which can be limiting…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-06 Quang-Huy Che , Le-Chuong Nguyen , Duc-Tuan Luu , Vinh-Tiep Nguyen

Many existing works have made great strides towards reducing racial bias in face recognition. However, most of these methods attempt to rectify bias that manifests in models during training instead of directly addressing a major source of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-10-06 Matthew Gwilliam , Srinidhi Hegde , Lade Tinubu , Alex Hanson

Numerous studies have shown that existing Face Recognition Systems (FRS), including commercial ones, often exhibit biases toward certain ethnicities due to under-represented data. In this work, we explore ethnicity alteration and skin tone…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-08 Praveen Kumar Chandaliya , Kiran Raja , Raghavendra Ramachandra , Zahid Akhtar , Christoph Busch

Face quality assessment aims at estimating the utility of a face image for the purpose of recognition. It is a key factor to achieve high face recognition performances. Currently, the high performance of these face recognition systems come…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-07-13 Philipp Terhörst , Jan Niklas Kolf , Naser Damer , Florian Kirchbuchner , Arjan Kuijper