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Context: Software Vulnerability Assessment (SVA) plays a vital role in evaluating and ranking vulnerabilities in software systems to ensure their security and reliability. Objective: Although Large Language Models (LLMs) have recently shown…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-11-24 Zhijie Chen , Xiang Chen , Ziming Li , Jiacheng Xue , Chaoyang Gao

Enterprise systems increasingly require natural language interfaces that can translate user requests into structured operations such as SQL queries and REST API calls. While large language models (LLMs) show promise for code generation…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Michael Marketsmüller , Simon Martin , Tim Schlippe

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) compensates for the static knowledge limitations of Large Language Models (LLMs) by integrating external knowledge, producing responses with enhanced factual correctness and query-specific…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Ruobing Yao , Yifei Zhang , Shuang Song , Neng Gao , Chenyang Tu

The rapid advancement of Large Language Models (LLMs) presents new opportunities for automated software vulnerability detection, a crucial task in securing modern codebases. This paper presents a comparative study on the effectiveness of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-05 Md Hasan Saju , Maher Muhtadi , Akramul Azim

Existing retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) systems typically use a centralized architecture, causing a high cost of data collection, integration, and management, as well as privacy concerns. There is a great need for a decentralized RAG…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-12 Yining Lu , Wenyi Tang , Max Johnson , Taeho Jung , Meng Jiang

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) is a framework in which a Generator, such as a Large Language Model (LLM), produces answers by retrieving documents from an external collection using a Retriever. In practice, Generators must integrate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-30 Koki Itai , Shunichi Hasegawa , Yuta Yamamoto , Gouki Minegishi , Masaki Otsuki

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable performance across a wide range of applications, e.g., medical question-answering, mathematical sciences, and code generation. However, they also exhibit inherent limitations, such…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Yang Jiao , Xiaodong Wang , Kai Yang

Future wireless networks aim to deliver high data rates and lower power consumption while ensuring seamless connectivity, necessitating robust optimization. Large language models (LLMs) have been deployed for generalized optimization…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-03-12 Muhammad Ahmed Mohsin , Ahsan Bilal , Sagnik Bhattacharya , John M. Cioffi

A Comparison of Independent and Joint Fine-tuning Strategies for Retrieval-Augmented Generation Download PDF Neal Gregory Lawton, Alfy Samuel, Anoop Kumar, Daben Liu Published: 20 Aug 2025, Retrieval augmented generation (RAG) is a popular…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Neal Gregory Lawton , Alfy Samuel , Anoop Kumar , Daben Liu

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems using Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) show great promise for complex document understanding, yet their development is critically hampered by inadequate evaluation. Current benchmarks…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-06 Wenxuan Shen , Mingjia Wang , Yaochen Wang , Dongping Chen , Junjie Yang , Yao Wan , Weiwei Lin

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly being used as security engineering tools to summarize and explain malware behavior to analysts. A common assumption is that Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) improves explanation quality by…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-06 Jayson Ng , Amin Milani Fard

Decentralized finance (DeFi) applications depend on accurate price oracles to ensure secure transactions, yet these oracles are highly vulnerable to manipulation, enabling attackers to exploit smart contract vulnerabilities for unfair asset…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-12 Bo Gao , Yuan Wang , Qingsong Wei , Yong Liu , Rick Siow Mong Goh , David Lo

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) enhances Large Language Models by grounding their outputs in external documents. These systems, however, remain vulnerable to attacks on the retrieval corpus, such as prompt injection. RAG-based search…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Zeyu Shen , Basileal Imana , Tong Wu , Chong Xiang , Prateek Mittal , Aleksandra Korolova

The integration of Large Language Models (LLMs) into the public health policy sector offers a transformative approach to navigating the vast repositories of regulatory guidance maintained by agencies such as the Centers for Disease Control…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-23 Anuj Maharjan , Umesh Yadav

Large Language Models (LLMs) remain vulnerable to jailbreak attacks, which attempt to elicit harmful responses from LLMs. The evolving nature and diversity of these attacks pose many challenges for defense systems, including (1) adaptation…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Guangyu Yang , Jinghong Chen , Jingbiao Mei , Weizhe Lin , Bill Byrne

Integrating Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) with Large Language Models (LLMs) has shown the potential to provide precise, contextually relevant responses in knowledge intensive domains. This study investigates the ap-plication of RAG…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Salahuddin Alawadhi , Noorhan Abbas

Decentralized Finance (DeFi) smart contracts manage billions of dollars, making them a prime target for exploits. Price manipulation vulnerabilities, often via flash loans, are a devastating class of attacks causing significant financial…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-30 Lu Liu , Wuqi Zhang , Lili Wei , Hao Guan , Yongqiang Tian , Yepang Liu , Shing-Chi Cheung

Large language models (LLMs) demonstrate remarkable capabilities in natural language understanding and generation. Despite being trained on large-scale, high-quality data, LLMs still fail to outperform traditional static analysis tools in…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Ying Zhou , Jiacheng Wei , Yu Qi , Faguo Wu , Xiao Zhang

The widespread lack of broad source code verification on blockchain explorers such as Etherscan, where despite 78,047,845 smart contracts deployed on Ethereum (as of May 26, 2025), a mere 767,520 (< 1%) are open source, presents a severe…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-25 Isaac David , Liyi Zhou , Dawn Song , Arthur Gervais , Kaihua Qin

This study presents a method for implementing generative AI services by utilizing the Large Language Models (LLM) application architecture. With recent advancements in generative AI technology, LLMs have gained prominence across various…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-01-03 Cheonsu Jeong
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