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Text-to-image (T2I) generative models have gained increased popularity in the public domain. While boasting impressive user-guided generative abilities, their black-box nature exposes users to intentionally- and intrinsically-biased…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-18 Jordan Vice , Naveed Akhtar , Richard Hartley , Ajmal Mian

Text-to-image (T2I) generative models are increasingly used to produce content for education, media, and public-facing communication, and are starting to be integrated into higher-impact pipelines. Since generated images tend to reinforce…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Jose Luna , Yankun Wu , Xiaofei Xie , Noa Garcia

Generative Artificial Intelligence (AI) tools are increasingly deployed across social media platforms, yet their implications for user behavior and experience remain understudied, particularly regarding two critical dimensions: (1) how AI…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-06-18 Anders Giovanni Møller , Daniel M. Romero , David Jurgens , Luca Maria Aiello

The transformative potential of text-to-image (T2I) models hinges on their ability to synthesize culturally diverse, photorealistic images from textual prompts. However, these models often perpetuate cultural biases embedded within their…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-06 Muna Numan Said , Aarib Zaidi , Rabia Usman , Sonia Okon , Praneeth Medepalli , Kevin Zhu , Vasu Sharma , Sean O'Brien

There is a lack of empirical evidence about global attitudes around whether and how GenAI should represent cultures. This paper assesses understandings and beliefs about culture as it relates to GenAI from a large-scale global survey. We…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Erin van Liemt , Renee Shelby , Andrew Smart , Sinchana Kumbale , Richard Zhang , Neha Dixit , Qazi Mamunur Rashid , Jamila Smith-Loud

A significant majority of AI fairness research studying the harmful outcomes of GAI tools have overlooked non-Western communities and contexts, necessitating a stronger coverage in this vein. We extend our previous work on exoticism (Ghosh…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-08-06 Sourojit Ghosh , Sanjana Gautam , Pranav Venkit , Avijit Ghosh

In this study, I investigate how generative artificial intelligence (AI) systems reproduce and reinforce societal biases, with a specific focus on the representation of women, Black individuals, age groups, and people with visible…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Ayoob Sadeghiani

Generative artificial intelligence has the potential to both exacerbate and ameliorate existing socioeconomic inequalities. In this article, we provide a state-of-the-art interdisciplinary overview of the potential impacts of generative AI…

As generative Artificial Intelligence (genAI) technologies proliferate across sectors, they offer significant benefits but also risk exacerbating discrimination. This chapter explores how genAI intersects with non-discrimination laws,…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-03-10 Philipp Hacker

Generative artificial intelligence (AI) is a widely popular technology that will have a profound impact on society and individuals. Less than a decade ago, it was thought that creative work would be among the last to be automated - yet…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-08-21 Jonas Oppenlaender , Johanna Silvennoinen , Ville Paananen , Aku Visuri

Generative artificial intelligence models show an amazing performance creating unique content automatically just by being given a prompt by the user, which is revolutionizing several fields such as marketing and design. Not only are there…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-07-03 Adriana Fernández de Caleya Vázquez , Eduardo C. Garrido-Merchán

This study analyzed images generated by three popular generative artificial intelligence (AI) tools - Midjourney, Stable Diffusion, and DALLE 2 - representing various occupations to investigate potential bias in AI generators. Our analysis…

General Economics · Economics 2024-03-06 Mi Zhou , Vibhanshu Abhishek , Timothy Derdenger , Jaymo Kim , Kannan Srinivasan

This paper examines algorithmic lookism-the systematic preferential treatment based on physical appearance-in text-to-image (T2I) generative AI and a downstream gender classification task. Through the analysis of 26,400 synthetic faces…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Miriam Doh , Aditya Gulati , Corinna Canali , Nuria Oliver

The rapid proliferation of multimodal generative models has sparked critical discussions on their reliability, fairness and potential for misuse. While text-to-image models excel at producing high-fidelity, user-guided content, they often…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Jordan Vice , Naveed Akhtar , Leonid Sigal , Richard Hartley , Ajmal Mian

Novel research aimed at text-to-image (T2I) generative AI safety often relies on publicly available datasets for training and evaluation, making the quality and composition of these datasets crucial. This paper presents a comprehensive…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Rakeen Rouf , Trupti Bavalatti , Osama Ahmed , Dhaval Potdar , Faraz Jawed

Large Language Models (LLMs) and Text-To-Image (T2I) models have demonstrated the ability to generate compelling text and visual stories. However, their outputs are predominantly aligned with the sensibilities of the Global North, often…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-12 Hamna , Deepthi Sudharsan , Agrima Seth , Ritvik Budhiraja , Deepika Khullar , Vyshak Jain , Kalika Bali , Aditya Vashistha , Sameer Segal

Text-to-image (T2I) generative models achieve impressive visual fidelity but inherit and amplify demographic imbalances and cultural biases embedded in training data. We introduce T2I-BiasBench, a unified evaluation framework of thirteen…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Nihal Jaiswal , Siddhartha Arjaria , Gyanendra Chaubey , Ankush Kumar , Aditya Singh , Anchal Chaurasiya

In recent months, the social impact of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has gained considerable public interest, driven by the emergence of Generative AI models, ChatGPT in particular. The rapid development of these models has sparked heated…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-05-10 Maria T. Baldassarre , Danilo Caivano , Berenice Fernandez Nieto , Domenico Gigante , Azzurra Ragone

With rapid progress in artificial intelligence (AI), popularity of generative art has grown substantially. From creating paintings to generating novel art styles, AI based generative art has showcased a variety of applications. However,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-02-18 Ramya Srinivasan , Kanji Uchino

The significant advancements in applying Artificial Intelligence (AI) to healthcare decision-making, medical diagnosis, and other domains have simultaneously raised concerns about the fairness and bias of AI systems. This is particularly…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-01-30 Emilio Ferrara