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With the widespread application of Large Language Models (LLMs) to various domains, concerns regarding the trustworthiness of LLMs in safety-critical scenarios have been raised, due to their unpredictable tendency to hallucinate and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-04 Xin Qiu , Risto Miikkulainen

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly being used in a zero-shot fashion to assess mental health conditions, yet we have limited knowledge on what factors affect their accuracy. In this study, we utilize a clinical dataset of natural…

In recent years, autonomous driving systems have made significant progress, yet ensuring their safety remains a key challenge. To this end, scenario-based testing offers a practical solution, and simulation-based methods have gained…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-11-07 Jiahui Wu , Chengjie Lu , Aitor Arrieta , Shaukat Ali

Large language models (LLMs) are very proficient text generators. We leverage this capability of LLMs to generate task-specific data via zero-shot prompting and promote cross-lingual transfer for low-resource target languages. Given…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-16 Barah Fazili , Ashish Sunil Agrawal , Preethi Jyothi

The propensity of Large Language Models (LLMs) to generate hallucinations and non-factual content undermines their reliability in high-stakes domains, where rigorous control over Type I errors (the conditional probability of incorrectly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-08 Fan Nie , Xiaotian Hou , Shuhang Lin , James Zou , Huaxiu Yao , Linjun Zhang

In recent years, Large Language Models (LLMs) have become fundamental to a broad spectrum of artificial intelligence applications. As the use of LLMs expands, precisely estimating the uncertainty in their predictions has become crucial.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Mohammad Beigi , Sijia Wang , Ying Shen , Zihao Lin , Adithya Kulkarni , Jianfeng He , Feng Chen , Ming Jin , Jin-Hee Cho , Dawei Zhou , Chang-Tien Lu , Lifu Huang

In this paper, we demonstrate a surprising capability of large language models (LLMs): given only input feature names and a description of a prediction task, they are capable of selecting the most predictive features, with performance…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-21 Daniel P. Jeong , Zachary C. Lipton , Pradeep Ravikumar

This paper studies the performance of open-source Large Language Models (LLMs) in text classification tasks typical for political science research. By examining tasks like stance, topic, and relevance classification, we aim to guide…

The increasing use of Large Language Models (LLMs) as proxies for human participants in social science research presents a promising, yet methodologically risky, paradigm shift. While LLMs offer scalability and cost-efficiency, their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Simon Münker , Nils Schwager , Kai Kugler , Michael Heseltine , Achim Rettinger

Despite the superior capabilities of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) across diverse tasks, they still face significant trustworthiness challenges. Yet, current literature on the assessment of trustworthy MLLMs remains limited,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-09 Yichi Zhang , Yao Huang , Yitong Sun , Chang Liu , Zhe Zhao , Zhengwei Fang , Yifan Wang , Huanran Chen , Xiao Yang , Xingxing Wei , Hang Su , Yinpeng Dong , Jun Zhu

Bias and fairness risks in Large Language Models (LLMs) vary substantially across deployment contexts, yet existing approaches lack systematic guidance for selecting appropriate evaluation metrics. We present a decision framework that maps…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Dylan Bouchard

Large language models (LLMs) produce outputs with varying levels of uncertainty, and, just as often, varying levels of correctness; making their practical reliability far from guaranteed. To quantify this uncertainty, we systematically…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Christian Hobelsberger , Theresa Winner , Andreas Nawroth , Oliver Mitevski , Anna-Carolina Haensch

Quantitative backtesting is essential for evaluating trading strategies but remains hampered by high technical barriers and limited scalability. While Large Language Models (LLMs) offer a transformative path to automate this complex,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Zhensheng Wang , Wenmian Yang , Qingtai Wu , Lequan Ma , Yiquan Zhang , Weijia Jia

Previous research has shown that LLMs have potential in multilingual NLG evaluation tasks. However, existing research has not fully explored the differences in the evaluation capabilities of LLMs across different languages. To this end,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-07 Jiayi Chang , Mingqi Gao , Xinyu Hu , Xiaojun Wan

It is increasingly important to evaluate how text generation systems based on large language models (LLMs) behave, such as their tendency to produce harmful output or their sensitivity to adversarial inputs. Such evaluations often rely on a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-17 Rachel Longjohn , Shang Wu , Saatvik Kher , Catarina Belém , Padhraic Smyth

Recent advancement in large language models (LLMs) has offered a strong potential for natural language systems to process informal language. A representative form of informal language is slang, used commonly in daily conversations and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-16 Zhewei Sun , Qian Hu , Rahul Gupta , Richard Zemel , Yang Xu

The recent success of generative AI highlights the crucial role of high-quality human feedback in building trustworthy AI systems. However, the increasing use of large language models (LLMs) by crowdsourcing workers poses a significant…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-07 Yichi Zhang , Jinlong Pang , Zhaowei Zhu , Yang Liu

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used in decision-making contexts, but when they present answers without signaling low confidence, users may unknowingly act on erroneous outputs. Prior work shows that LLMs maintain internal…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-23 Mark Steyvers , Catarina Belem , Padhraic Smyth

Given the growing influence of language model-based agents on high-stakes societal decisions, from public policy to healthcare, ensuring their beneficial impact requires understanding the far-reaching implications of their suggestions. We…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-27 Chenkai Sun , Denghui Zhang , ChengXiang Zhai , Heng Ji

As Language Models (LMs) increasingly operate as autonomous agents, accurately forecasting their capabilities becomes crucial for societal preparedness. We evaluate six forecasting methods that predict downstream capabilities of LM agents.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Govind Pimpale , Axel Højmark , Jérémy Scheurer , Marius Hobbhahn
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