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As large language models (LLMs) grow more powerful, concerns over copyright infringement of LLM-generated texts have intensified. LLM watermarking has been proposed to trace unauthorized redistribution or resale of generated content by…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Qihao Lin , Chen Tang , Lan zhang , Junyang zhang , Xiangyang Li

The advancement of artificial intelligence generated content (AIGC) has created a pressing need for robust image watermarking that can withstand both conventional signal processing and novel semantic editing attacks. Current deep…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-17 Yichao Tang , Mingyang Li , Di Miao , Sheng Li , Zhenxing Qian , Xinpeng Zhang

Large language model (LLM) watermarking has shown promise in detecting AI-generated content and mitigating misuse, with prior work claiming robustness against paraphrasing and text editing. In this paper, we argue that existing evaluations…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Hanbo Huang , Yiran Zhang , Hao Zheng , Xuan Gong , Yihan Li , Lin Liu , Zhuotao Liu , Shiyu Liang

Robust invisible watermarking embeds hidden information in images such that the watermark can survive various manipulations. However, the emergence of powerful diffusion-based image generation and editing techniques poses a new threat to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-17 Yunyi Ni , Ziyu Yang , Ze Niu , Emily Davis , Finn Carter

Training deep neural networks from scratch could be computationally expensive and requires a lot of training data. Recent work has explored different watermarking techniques to protect the pre-trained deep neural networks from potential…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-03-26 Xinyun Chen , Wenxiao Wang , Chris Bender , Yiming Ding , Ruoxi Jia , Bo Li , Dawn Song

The rapid growth of Large Language Models (LLMs) raises concerns about distinguishing AI-generated text from human content. Existing watermarking techniques, like \kgw, struggle with low watermark strength and stringent false-positive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-22 Zhuang Li , Qiuping Yi , Zongcheng Ji , Yijian Lu , Yanqi Li , Keyang Xiao , Hongliang Liang

Watermarking techniques offer a promising way to identify machine-generated content via embedding covert information into the contents generated from language models. A challenge in the domain lies in preserving the distribution of original…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-06-26 Yihan Wu , Zhengmian Hu , Junfeng Guo , Hongyang Zhang , Heng Huang

This paper introduces EmMark,a novel watermarking framework for protecting the intellectual property (IP) of embedded large language models deployed on resource-constrained edge devices. To address the IP theft risks posed by malicious…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-02-29 Ruisi Zhang , Farinaz Koushanfar

Watermarking inserts invisible data into content to protect copyright. The embedded information provides proof of authorship and facilitates tracking illegal distribution, etc. Current robust watermarking techniques have been proposed to…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2018-05-17 Wook-Hyung Kim , Seung-Hun Nam , Ji-Hyeon Kang , Heung-Kyu Lee

The rapid advancement of large language models (LLMs) has made it increasingly difficult to distinguish between text written by humans and machines. Addressing this, we propose a novel method for generating watermarks that strategically…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-15 Georg Niess , Roman Kern

Recent advances in generative AI have enabled the creation of highly realistic digital content, raising concerns around authenticity, ownership, and misuse. While watermarking has become an increasingly important mechanism to trace and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-18 Maria Bulychev , Neil G. Marchant , Benjamin I. P. Rubinstein

Statistical watermarking is a common approach for verifying whether text was written by a language model. Most existing schemes assume autoregressive generation, where tokens are produced left to right and contextual hashing is well…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Mohd Ruhul Ameen , Akif Islam , Nadim Mahmud , Md. Ekramul Hamid

As AI-generated imagery becomes ubiquitous, invisible watermarks have emerged as a primary line of defense for copyright and provenance. The newest watermarking schemes embed semantic signals - content-aware patterns that are designed to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-14 Krti Tallam , John Kevin Cava , Caleb Geniesse , N. Benjamin Erichson , Michael W. Mahoney

Securing the Internet of Things (IoT) is a necessary milestone toward expediting the deployment of its applications and services. In particular, the functionality of the IoT devices is extremely dependent on the reliability of their message…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2017-11-07 Aidin Ferdowsi , Walid Saad

Videos are prone to tampering attacks that alter the meaning and deceive the audience. Previous video forgery detection schemes find tiny clues to locate the tampered areas. However, attackers can successfully evade supervision by…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-07-08 Yangming Zhou , Qichao Ying , Xiangyu Zhang , Zhenxing Qian , Sheng Li , Xinpeng Zhang

Data watermarking in language models injects traceable signals, such as specific token sequences or stylistic patterns, into copyrighted text, allowing copyright holders to track and verify training data ownership. Previous data…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Xinyue Cui , Johnny Tian-Zheng Wei , Swabha Swayamdipta , Robin Jia

The rapid advancement of generative AI has made it increasingly challenging to distinguish between deepfake audio and authentic human speech. To overcome the limitations of passive detection methods, we propose StreamMark, a novel deep…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-15 Zhentao Liu , Milos Cernak

The widespread use of AI-generated content from diffusion models has raised significant concerns regarding misinformation and copyright infringement. Watermarking is a crucial technique for identifying these AI-generated images and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Wenda Li , Huijie Zhang , Qing Qu

With the rapid development of cloud-based services, large language models have become increasingly accessible through various web platforms. However, this accessibility has also led to growing risks of model abuse. LLM watermarking has…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Hao Li , Yubing Ren , Yanan Cao , Yingjie Li , Fang Fang , Shi Wang , Li Guo

As generative artificial intelligence technologies like Stable Diffusion advance, visual content becomes more vulnerable to misuse, raising concerns about copyright infringement. Visual watermarks serve as effective protection mechanisms,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-19 Junxian Duan , Jiyang Guan , Wenkui Yang , Ran He