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Code generation models have shown significant potential for automating programming tasks. However, the challenge of generating accurate and reliable code persists due to the highly complex and long-reasoning nature of the task. Even…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Kechi Zhang , Ge Li , Jia Li , Yihong Dong , Jia Li , Zhi Jin

Antibody design, a crucial task with significant implications across various disciplines such as therapeutics and biology, presents considerable challenges due to its intricate nature. In this paper, we tackle antigen-specific antibody…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2024-10-29 Xiangxin Zhou , Dongyu Xue , Ruizhe Chen , Zaixiang Zheng , Liang Wang , Quanquan Gu

Recently, remarkable progress has been made in large-scale pre-trained model tuning, and inference efficiency is becoming more crucial for practical deployment. Early exiting in conjunction with multi-stage predictors, when cooperated with…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-06 Liwei Luo , Shuaitengyuan Li , Dongwei Ren , Qilong Wang , Pengfei Zhu , Qinghua Hu

Previous text-to-image diffusion models typically employ supervised fine-tuning (SFT) to enhance pre-trained base models. However, this approach primarily minimizes the loss of mean squared error (MSE) at the pixel level, neglecting the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Liang Peng , Boxi Wu , Haoran Cheng , Yibo Zhao , Xiaofei He

Utility preference robust optimization (PRO) has recently been proposed to deal with optimal decision making problems where the decision maker's (DM) preference over gains and losses is ambiguous. In this paper, we take a step further to…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-03-11 Jian Hu , Dali Zhang , Huifu Xu , Sainan Zhang

Compound AI systems, comprising multiple interacting components such as LLMs, foundation models, and external tools, have demonstrated remarkable improvements compared to single models in various tasks. To ensure their effective deployment…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Xiangwen Wang , Yibo Jacky Zhang , Zhoujie Ding , Katherine Tsai , Haolun Wu , Sanmi Koyejo

Large Language Models (LLMs) have become pivotal in advancing natural language processing, yet their potential to perpetuate biases poses significant concerns. This paper introduces a new framework employing Direct Preference Optimization…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-22 Ahmed Allam

The alignment of Large Language Models (LLMs) is crucial for ensuring their safety and reliability in practical applications. Direct Preference Optimization (DPO) has emerged as an efficient method that directly optimizes models using…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-30 Jie Sun , Junkang Wu , Jiancan Wu , Zhibo Zhu , Xingyu Lu , Jun Zhou , Lintao Ma , Xiang Wang

We introduce ConfPO, a method for preference learning in Large Language Models (LLMs) that identifies and optimizes preference-critical tokens based solely on the training policy's confidence, without requiring any auxiliary models or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-13 Hee Suk Yoon , Eunseop Yoon , Mark Hasegawa-Johnson , Sungwoong Kim , Chang D. Yoo

Direct Preference Optimization (DPO) has shown strong potential for mitigating hallucinations in Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs). However, existing multimodal DPO approaches often suffer from overfitting due to the difficulty…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-05 Longtian Qiu , Shan Ning , Chuyu Zhang , Jiaxuan Sun , Xuming He

Modern alignment pipelines are increasingly replacing expensive human preference labels with evaluations from large language models (LLM-as-Judge). However, AI labels can be systematically biased compared to high-quality human feedback…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-02-10 Xintao Xia , Zhiqiu Xia , Linjun Zhang , Zhanrui Cai

Structure-based drug design (SBDD) aims to design small-molecule ligands that bind with high affinity and specificity to pre-determined protein targets. Generative SBDD methods leverage structural data of drugs in complex with their protein…

Large Language Models (LLMs) have exhibited remarkable performance across a wide range of domains, motivating research into their potential for recommendation systems. Early efforts have leveraged LLMs' rich knowledge and strong…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-04-03 Chao Sun , Yaobo Liang , Yaming Yang , Shilin Xu , Tianmeng Yang , Yunhai Tong

Iterative data generation and model retraining are widely used to align large language models (LLMs). It typically involves a policy model to generate on-policy responses and a reward model to guide training data selection. Direct…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Yao Xiao , Hai Ye , Linyao Chen , Hwee Tou Ng , Lidong Bing , Xiaoli Li , Roy Ka-wei Lee

Diffusion policies are a powerful paradigm for robotic control, but fine-tuning them with human preferences is fundamentally challenged by the multi-step structure of the denoising process. To overcome this, we introduce a Unified Markov…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Amitesh Vatsa , Zhixian Xie , Wanxin Jin

Direct Preference Optimization (DPO) has emerged as a compelling approach for training Large Language Models (LLMs) to adhere to human preferences. However, the performance of DPO is sensitive to the fine-tuning of its trade-off parameter…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Junkang Wu , Yuexiang Xie , Zhengyi Yang , Jiancan Wu , Jinyang Gao , Bolin Ding , Xiang Wang , Xiangnan He

Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback has emerged as a standard for aligning diffusion models. However, we identify a fundamental limitation in the standard DPO formulation because it relies on the Bradley-Terry model to aggregate…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-12 Jiho Jang , Jinyoung Kim , Kyungjune Baek , Nojun Kwak

While preference optimization is crucial for improving visual generative models, how to effectively scale this paradigm remains largely unexplored. Current open-source preference datasets contain conflicting preference patterns, where…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-30 Ming Li , Jie Wu , Justin Cui , Xiaojie Li , Rui Wang , Chen Chen

Text-to-motion generation is essential for advancing the creative industry but often presents challenges in producing consistent, realistic motions. To address this, we focus on fine-tuning text-to-motion models to consistently favor…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Xiaofeng Tan , Hongsong Wang , Xin Geng , Pan Zhou

Fine-tuning pre-trained Large Language Models (LLMs) is essential to align them with human values and intentions. This process often utilizes methods like pairwise comparisons and KL divergence against a reference LLM, focusing on the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-02 Yongcheng Zeng , Guoqing Liu , Weiyu Ma , Ning Yang , Haifeng Zhang , Jun Wang