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Optical quantum circuits can be optimized using gradient descent methods, as the gates in a circuit can be parametrized by continuous parameters. However, the parameter space as seen by the cost function is not Euclidean, which means that…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-05-11 Yuan Yao , Pierre Cussenot , Richard A. Wolf , Filippo M. Miatto

A quantum generalization of Natural Gradient Descent is presented as part of a general-purpose optimization framework for variational quantum circuits. The optimization dynamics is interpreted as moving in the steepest descent direction…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-05-27 James Stokes , Josh Izaac , Nathan Killoran , Giuseppe Carleo

Optimization problems in disciplines such as machine learning are commonly solved with iterative methods. Gradient descent algorithms find local minima by moving along the direction of steepest descent while Newton's method takes into…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-08-20 Patrick Rebentrost , Maria Schuld , Leonard Wossnig , Francesco Petruccione , Seth Lloyd

Drawing inspiration from gradient-descent methods developed for data processing in quantum state tomography [\href{https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/2058-9565/ae0baa}{Quantum Sci.~Technol.~\textbf{10} 045055 (2025)}] and quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-05 Akshay Gaikwad , Manuel Sebastian Torres , Anton Frisk Kockum

Variational quantum algorithms (VQAs) have recently received significant attention from the research community due to their promising performance in Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum computers (NISQ). However, VQAs run on parameterized…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-05-06 Zeyi Tao , Jindi Wu , Qi Xia , Qun Li

We introduce an architecture for variational quantum algorithms that can be efficiently trained via parameter updates along exact geodesics on the Riemannian state manifold. This features a parameter-optimal circuit ansatz which supersedes…

The recovery of an unknown density matrix of large size requires huge computational resources. The recent Factored Gradient Descent (FGD) algorithm and its variants achieved state-of-the-art performance since they could mitigate the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-10-11 Ming-Chien Hsu , En-Jui Kuo , Wei-Hsuan Yu , Jian-Feng Cai , Min-Hsiu Hsieh

The Variational Quantum Eigensolver (VQE) is one of the most promising algorithms for current quantum devices. It employs a classical optimizer to iteratively update the parameters of a variational quantum circuit in order to search for the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-19 Chenyu Shi , Hao Wang

Reconstructing the state of quantum many-body systems is of fundamental importance in quantum information tasks, but extremely challenging due to the curse of dimensionality. In this work, we present an efficient quantum tomography protocol…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-07-09 Yong Wang , Lijun Liu , Shuming Cheng , Li Li , Jie Chen

Constrained optimization plays a crucial role in the fields of quantum physics and quantum information science and becomes especially challenging for high-dimensional complex structure problems. One specific issue is that of quantum process…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-04-30 Daniel Volya , Andrey Nikitin , Prabhat Mishra

Many supervised learning tasks have intrinsic symmetries, such as translational and rotational symmetry in image classifications. These symmetries can be exploited to enhance performance. We formulate the symmetry constraints into a concise…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-08-14 Kaiming Bian , Shitao Zhang , Fei Meng , Wen Zhang , Oscar Dahlsten

Variational quantum algorithms rely on the optimization of parameterized quantum circuits in noisy settings. The commonly used back-propagation procedure in classical machine learning is not directly applicable in this setting due to the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-08-27 Zhiyan Ding , Taehee Ko , Jiahao Yao , Lin Lin , Xiantao Li

We present a detailed numerical study of an alternative approach, named Quantum Non-Demolition Measurement (QNDM), to efficiently estimate the gradients or the Hessians of a quantum observable. This is a key step and a resource-demanding…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-02 Giovanni Minuto , Dario Melegari , Simone Caletti , Paolo Solinas

A Quantum Natural Gradient (QNG) algorithm for optimization of variational quantum circuits has been proposed recently. In this study, we employ the Langevin equation with a QNG stochastic force to demonstrate that its discrete-time…

The variational quantum eigensolver (VQE) is one of the most prominent algorithms using near-term quantum devices, designed to find the ground state of a Hamiltonian. In VQE, a classical optimizer iteratively updates the parameters in the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-12 Chenyu Shi , Vedran Dunjko , Hao Wang

We address the problem of quantum reinforcement learning (QRL) under model-free settings with quantum oracle access to the Markov Decision Process (MDP). This paper introduces a Quantum Natural Policy Gradient (QNPG) algorithm, which…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-02 Yang Xu , Vaneet Aggarwal

The gradient descent approach is the key ingredient in variational quantum algorithms and machine learning tasks, which is an optimization algorithm for finding a local minimum of an objective function. The quantum versions of gradient…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-04-19 Jin-Min Liang , Shi-Jie Wei , Shao-Ming Fei

Second-order training methods have better convergence properties than gradient descent but are rarely used in practice for large-scale training due to their computational overhead. This can be viewed as a hardware limitation (imposed by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Kaelan Donatella , Samuel Duffield , Maxwell Aifer , Denis Melanson , Gavin Crooks , Patrick J. Coles

We consider the problem of decentralized consensus optimization, where the sum of $n$ smooth and strongly convex functions are minimized over $n$ distributed agents that form a connected network. In particular, we consider the case that the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-02 Amirhossein Reisizadeh , Aryan Mokhtari , Hamed Hassani , Ramtin Pedarsani

We present a quantum algorithm for efficiently sampling transformed Gaussian random fields on $d$-dimensional domains, based on an enhanced version of the classical moving average method. Pointwise transformations enforcing boundedness are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-20 Matthias Deiml , Daniel Peterseim