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We propose a novel dynamic safety framework that optimizes language model (LM) safety reasoning at inference time without modifying model weights. Building on recent advances in self-critique methods, our approach leverages a meta-critique…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Víctor Gallego

Large Language Models (LLMs) show promise for automated code repair but often struggle with the complex semantic and structural correctness required. We present SynthFix, a hybrid neural-symbolic framework that improves LLM-based…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Yifan Zhang , Jieyu Li , Kexin Pei , Yu Huang , Kevin Leach

The recent GPT-3 model (Brown et al., 2020) achieves remarkable few-shot performance solely by leveraging a natural-language prompt and a few task demonstrations as input context. Inspired by their findings, we study few-shot learning in a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-03 Tianyu Gao , Adam Fisch , Danqi Chen

Fine-tuning language models is commonly believed to inevitably harm their safety, i.e., refusing to respond to harmful user requests, even when using harmless datasets, thus requiring additional safety measures. We challenge this belief…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Minseon Kim , Jin Myung Kwak , Lama Alssum , Bernard Ghanem , Philip Torr , David Krueger , Fazl Barez , Adel Bibi

As generative AI systems are increasingly deployed in real-world applications, regulating multiple dimensions of model behavior has become essential. We focus on test-time filtering: a lightweight mechanism for behavior control that…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-01-01 Sunay Joshi , Yan Sun , Hamed Hassani , Edgar Dobriban

Large language models (LLMs) remain vulnerable to sophisticated prompt engineering attacks that exploit contextual framing to bypass safety mechanisms, posing significant risks in cybersecurity applications. We introduce Jailbreak Mimicry,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Pavlos Ntais

The overarching research direction of this work is the development of a ''Responsible Intelligence'' framework designed to reconcile the immense generative power of Large Language Models (LLMs) with the stringent requirements of real-world…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Somnath Banerjee

In this work, we introduce the Qwen3 Embedding series, a significant advancement over its predecessor, the GTE-Qwen series, in text embedding and reranking capabilities, built upon the Qwen3 foundation models. Leveraging the Qwen3 LLMs'…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-12 Yanzhao Zhang , Mingxin Li , Dingkun Long , Xin Zhang , Huan Lin , Baosong Yang , Pengjun Xie , An Yang , Dayiheng Liu , Junyang Lin , Fei Huang , Jingren Zhou

The growing integration of Large Language Models (LLMs) into critical societal domains has raised concerns about embedded biases that can perpetuate stereotypes and undermine fairness. Such biases may stem from historical inequalities in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Riccardo Cantini , Alessio Orsino , Massimo Ruggiero , Domenico Talia

Large Language Models (LLMs) exhibit significant safety disparities across languages, with low-resource languages (LRLs) often bypassing safety guardrails established for high-resource languages (HRLs) like English. Existing solutions, such…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-27 Jiaming Liang , Zhaoxin Wang , Handing Wang

Speech language models (Speech LMs) enable end-to-end speech-text modeling within a single model, offering a promising direction for spoken dialogue systems. The choice of speech-text jointly decoding paradigm plays a critical role in…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-02-12 Haibin Wu , Yuxuan Hu , Ruchao Fan , Xiaofei Wang , Kenichi Kumatani , Bo Ren , Jianwei Yu , Heng Lu , Lijuan Wang , Yao Qian , Jinyu Li

Large language models are increasingly used as natural-language interfaces to enterprise software, but their direct use as system operators remains unsafe. Model errors can propagate into unauthorized actions, malformed requests,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Sarmad Sohail , Ghufran Haider

The rapid development of large language models (LLMs) has not only provided numerous opportunities but also presented significant challenges. This becomes particularly evident when LLMs inadvertently generate harmful or toxic content,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-20 Kai Chen , Chunwei Wang , Kuo Yang , Jianhua Han , Lanqing Hong , Fei Mi , Hang Xu , Zhengying Liu , Wenyong Huang , Zhenguo Li , Dit-Yan Yeung , Lifeng Shang , Xin Jiang , Qun Liu

The o1 model series is trained with large-scale reinforcement learning to reason using chain of thought. These advanced reasoning capabilities provide new avenues for improving the safety and robustness of our models. In particular, our…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-01 OpenAI , : , Aaron Jaech , Adam Kalai , Adam Lerer , Adam Richardson , Ahmed El-Kishky , Aiden Low , Alec Helyar , Aleksander Madry , Alex Beutel , Alex Carney , Alex Iftimie , Alex Karpenko , Alex Tachard Passos , Alexander Neitz , Alexander Prokofiev , Alexander Wei , Allison Tam , Ally Bennett , Ananya Kumar , Andre Saraiva , Andrea Vallone , Andrew Duberstein , Andrew Kondrich , Andrey Mishchenko , Andy Applebaum , Angela Jiang , Ashvin Nair , Barret Zoph , Behrooz Ghorbani , Bohan Zhang , Ben Rossen , Benjamin Sokolowsky , Boaz Barak , Bob McGrew , Borys Minaiev , Botao Hao , Bowen Baker , Brandon Houghton , Brandon McKinzie , Brydon Eastman , Camillo Lugaresi , Cary Bassin , Cary Hudson , Chak Ming Li , Charles de Bourcy , Chelsea Voss , Chen Shen , Chong Zhang , Chris Koch , Chris Orsinger , Christopher Hesse , Claudia Fischer , Clive Chan , Dan Roberts , Daniel Kappler , Daniel Levy , Daniel Selsam , David Dohan , David Farhi , David Mely , David Robinson , Dimitris Tsipras , Doug Li , Dragos Oprica , Eben Freeman , Eddie Zhang , Edmund Wong , Elizabeth Proehl , Enoch Cheung , Eric Mitchell , Eric Wallace , Erik Ritter , Evan Mays , Fan Wang , Felipe Petroski Such , Filippo Raso , Florencia Leoni , Foivos Tsimpourlas , Francis Song , Fred von Lohmann , Freddie Sulit , Geoff Salmon , Giambattista Parascandolo , Gildas Chabot , Grace Zhao , Greg Brockman , Guillaume Leclerc , Hadi Salman , Haiming Bao , Hao Sheng , Hart Andrin , Hessam Bagherinezhad , Hongyu Ren , Hunter Lightman , Hyung Won Chung , Ian Kivlichan , Ian O'Connell , Ian Osband , Ignasi Clavera Gilaberte , Ilge Akkaya , Ilya Kostrikov , Ilya Sutskever , Irina Kofman , Jakub Pachocki , James Lennon , Jason Wei , Jean Harb , Jerry Twore , Jiacheng Feng , Jiahui Yu , Jiayi Weng , Jie Tang , Jieqi Yu , Joaquin Quiñonero Candela , Joe Palermo , Joel Parish , Johannes Heidecke , John Hallman , John Rizzo , Jonathan Gordon , Jonathan Uesato , Jonathan Ward , Joost Huizinga , Julie Wang , Kai Chen , Kai Xiao , Karan Singhal , Karina Nguyen , Karl Cobbe , Katy Shi , Kayla Wood , Kendra Rimbach , Keren Gu-Lemberg , Kevin Liu , Kevin Lu , Kevin Stone , Kevin Yu , Lama Ahmad , Lauren Yang , Leo Liu , Leon Maksin , Leyton Ho , Liam Fedus , Lilian Weng , Linden Li , Lindsay McCallum , Lindsey Held , Lorenz Kuhn , Lukas Kondraciuk , Lukasz Kaiser , Luke Metz , Madelaine Boyd , Maja Trebacz , Manas Joglekar , Mark Chen , Marko Tintor , Mason Meyer , Matt Jones , Matt Kaufer , Max Schwarzer , Meghan Shah , Mehmet Yatbaz , Melody Y. Guan , Mengyuan Xu , Mengyuan Yan , Mia Glaese , Mianna Chen , Michael Lampe , Michael Malek , Michele Wang , Michelle Fradin , Mike McClay , Mikhail Pavlov , Miles Wang , Mingxuan Wang , Mira Murati , Mo Bavarian , Mostafa Rohaninejad , Nat McAleese , Neil Chowdhury , Neil Chowdhury , Nick Ryder , Nikolas Tezak , Noam Brown , Ofir Nachum , Oleg Boiko , Oleg Murk , Olivia Watkins , Patrick Chao , Paul Ashbourne , Pavel Izmailov , Peter Zhokhov , Rachel Dias , Rahul Arora , Randall Lin , Rapha Gontijo Lopes , Raz Gaon , Reah Miyara , Reimar Leike , Renny Hwang , Rhythm Garg , Robin Brown , Roshan James , Rui Shu , Ryan Cheu , Ryan Greene , Saachi Jain , Sam Altman , Sam Toizer , Sam Toyer , Samuel Miserendino , Sandhini Agarwal , Santiago Hernandez , Sasha Baker , Scott McKinney , Scottie Yan , Shengjia Zhao , Shengli Hu , Shibani Santurkar , Shraman Ray Chaudhuri , Shuyuan Zhang , Siyuan Fu , Spencer Papay , Steph Lin , Suchir Balaji , Suvansh Sanjeev , Szymon Sidor , Tal Broda , Aidan Clark , Tao Wang , Taylor Gordon , Ted Sanders , Tejal Patwardhan , Thibault Sottiaux , Thomas Degry , Thomas Dimson , Tianhao Zheng , Timur Garipov , Tom Stasi , Trapit Bansal , Trevor Creech , Troy Peterson , Tyna Eloundou , Valerie Qi , Vineet Kosaraju , Vinnie Monaco , Vitchyr Pong , Vlad Fomenko , Weiyi Zheng , Wenda Zhou , Wenting Zhan , Wes McCabe , Wojciech Zaremba , Yann Dubois , Yinghai Lu , Yining Chen , Young Cha , Yu Bai , Yuchen He , Yuchen Zhang , Yunyun Wang , Zheng Shao , Zhuohan Li

Large Language Models(LLMs) are increasingly explored for cybersecurity applications such as vulnerability detection. In the domain of threat modelling, prior work has primarily evaluated a number of general-purpose Large Language Models…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Saba Pourhanifeh , AbdulAziz AbdulGhaffar , Ashraf Matrawy

Reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards has been used to elicit impressive performance from language models in many domains. But, broadly beneficial deployments of AI may require us to train models with strong capabilities in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-07 Christine Ye , Joe Benton

Despite the remarkable success of large language models (LLMs) in English, a significant performance gap remains in non-English languages. To address this, we introduce a novel approach for strategically constructing a multilingual…

For most languages of the world, language model pre-training operates in a data-constrained regime where models must repeat their training data many times, degrading generalization. Two remedies exist: aggressive hyperparameter tuning such…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Paul Jeha , Anastasiia Sedova , Louis Béthune , Skyler Seto , Jes Frellsen , Pierre Ablin , Natalie Schluter

In this work, we designed unbiased prompts to systematically evaluate the psychological safety of large language models (LLMs). First, we tested five different LLMs by using two personality tests: Short Dark Triad (SD-3) and Big Five…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-01 Xingxuan Li , Yutong Li , Lin Qiu , Shafiq Joty , Lidong Bing