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Linear-probing hash tables have been classically believed to support insertions in time $\Theta(x^2)$, where $1 - 1/x$ is the load factor of the hash table. Recent work by Bender, Kuszmaul, and Kuszmaul (FOCS'21), however, has added a new…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Mark Braverman , William Kuszmaul

Motivated by certain applications from physics, biochemistry, economics, and computer science, in which the objects under investigation are not accessible because of various limitations, we propose a trial-and-error model to examine…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2013-04-19 Xiaohui Bei , Ning Chen , Shengyu Zhang

Optimization is a ubiquitous modeling tool and is often deployed in settings which repeatedly solve similar instances of the same problem. Amortized optimization methods use learning to predict the solutions to problems in these settings,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Brandon Amos

In this paper, we prove correctness of parallelizing a string matcher using Haskell as a theorem prover. We use refinement types to specify correctness properties, Haskell terms to express proofs and Liquid Haskell to check correctness of…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2016-10-25 Niki Vazou , Jeff Polakow

Amortized analysis is a program cost analysis technique for data structures in which the cost of operations is specified in aggregate, under the assumption of continued sequential use. Typically, amortized analyses are presented…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2023-08-21 Harrison Grodin , Robert Harper

We address the problem of learning human-interpretable descriptions of a complex system from a finite set of positive and negative examples of its behavior. In contrast to most of the recent work in this area, which focuses on descriptions…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-11 Rajarshi Roy , Dana Fisman , Daniel Neider

Chazelle [JACM00] introduced the soft heap as a building block for efficient minimum spanning tree algorithms, and recently Kaplan et al. [SOSA2019] showed how soft heaps can be applied to achieve simpler algorithms for various selection…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-08-13 Gerth Stølting Brodal

Formal, automated theorem proving has long been viewed as a challenge to artificial intelligence. We introduce here a new approach to computer theorem proving, one that employs specialized language models for Lean4 proof generation combined…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-17 Kelly J. Davis

We introduce a theorem proving approach to the specification and generation of temporal logical constraints for training neural networks. We formalise a deep embedding of linear temporal logic over finite traces (LTL$_f$) and an associated…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-07-11 Mark Chevallier , Matthew Whyte , Jacques D. Fleuriot

Foundational verification considers the functional correctness of programming languages with formalized semantics and uses proof assistants (e.g., Coq, Isabelle) to certify proofs. The need for verifying complex programs compels it to…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Qiyuan Xu , David Sanan , Zhe Hou , Xiaokun Luan , Conrad Watt , Yang Liu

Mechanized verification of liveness properties for infinite programs with effects and nondeterminism is challenging. Existing temporal reasoning frameworks operate at the level of models such as traces and automata. Reasoning happens at a…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2025-08-22 Eleftherios Ioannidis , Yannick Zakowski , Steve Zdancewic , Sebastian Angel

Linear constraints are the linear counterpart of Haskell's class constraints. Linearly typed parameters allow the programmer to control resources such as file handles and manually managed memory as linear arguments. Indeed, a linear type…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Arnaud Spiwack , Csongor Kiss , Jean-Philippe Bernardy , Nicolas Wu , Richard A. Eisenberg

For those of us who generally live in the world of syntax, semantic proof techniques such as reducibility, realizability or logical relations seem somewhat magical despite -- or perhaps due to -- their seemingly unreasonable effectiveness.…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2020-07-28 Pierre-Évariste Dagand , Lionel Rieg , Gabriel Scherer

`What more than its truth do we know if we have a proof of a theorem in a given formal system?' We examine Kreisel's question in the particular context of program termination proofs, with an eye to deriving complexity bounds on program…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2014-09-26 Sylvain Schmitz

While graphs and abstract data structures can be large and complex, practical instances are often regular or highly structured. If the instance has sufficient structure, we might hope to compress the object into a more succinct…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2024-12-02 Shreya Gupta , Boyang Huang , Russell Impagliazzo , Stanley Woo , Christopher Ye

Proving linearizability of concurrent data structures remains a key challenge for verification. We present temporal interpolation as a new proof principle to conduct such proofs using hindsight arguments within concurrent separation logic.…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2023-04-25 Roland Meyer , Thomas Wies , Sebastian Wolff

We introduce a new family of priority-queue data structures: partition-based simple heaps. The structures consist of $O(\log n)$ doubly-linked lists; order is enforced among data in different lists, but the individual lists are unordered.…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Gerth Stølting Brodal , John Iacono , Casper Moldrup Rysgaard , Sebastian Wild

When designing an algorithm, one cares about arithmetic/computational complexity, but data movement (I/O) complexity plays an increasingly important role that highly impacts performance and energy consumption. For a given algorithm and a…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2024-04-26 Lionel Eyraud-Dubois , Guillaume Iooss , Julien Langou , Fabrice Rastello

Automated theorem proving in first-order logic is an active research area which is successfully supported by machine learning. While there have been various proposals for encoding logical formulas into numerical vectors -- from simple…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-03-17 Ibrahim Abdelaziz , Veronika Thost , Maxwell Crouse , Achille Fokoue

Despite the popularity of Shapley Values in explaining neural text classification models, computing them is prohibitive for large pretrained models due to a large number of model evaluations. In practice, Shapley Values are often estimated…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-01 Chenghao Yang , Fan Yin , He He , Kai-Wei Chang , Xiaofei Ma , Bing Xiang