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Large language models have led to remarkable progress on many NLP tasks, and researchers are turning to ever-larger text corpora to train them. Some of the largest corpora available are made by scraping significant portions of the internet,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-10-01 Jesse Dodge , Maarten Sap , Ana Marasović , William Agnew , Gabriel Ilharco , Dirk Groeneveld , Margaret Mitchell , Matt Gardner

In this technical report, we present Skywork-13B, a family of large language models (LLMs) trained on a corpus of over 3.2 trillion tokens drawn from both English and Chinese texts. This bilingual foundation model is the most extensively…

The vast majority of non-English corpora are derived from automatically filtered versions of CommonCrawl. While prior work has identified major issues on the quality of these datasets (Kreutzer et al., 2021), it is not clear how this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-27 Mikel Artetxe , Itziar Aldabe , Rodrigo Agerri , Olatz Perez-de-Viñaspre , Aitor Soroa

Web-crawled data provides a good source of parallel corpora for training machine translation models. It is automatically obtained, but extremely noisy, and recent work shows that neural machine translation systems are more sensitive to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-05-14 Boliang Zhang , Ajay Nagesh , Kevin Knight

Recent studies have suggested that large language models (LLMs) underperform on mathematical and computer science tasks when these problems are translated from Romanian into English, compared to their original Romanian format. Accurate…

Multilingual pre-trained language models(mPLMs) offer significant benefits for many low-resource languages. To further expand the range of languages these models can support, many works focus on continued pre-training of these models.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-11 Jianyu Zheng

We present a compact, single-model approach to multilingual inflection, the task of generating inflected word forms from base lemmas to express grammatical categories. Our model, trained jointly on data from 73 languages, is lightweight,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Tomáš Sourada , Jana Straková

This paper presents the methodology and data used for the automatic extraction of the Romanian Academic Word List (Ro-AWL). Academic Word Lists are useful in both L2 and L1 teaching contexts. For the Romanian language, no such resource…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-01 Ana-Maria Bucur , Andreea Dincă , Mădălina Chitez , Roxana Rogobete

The development of automated approaches to linguistic acceptability has been greatly fostered by the availability of the English CoLA corpus, which has also been included in the widely used GLUE benchmark. However, this kind of research for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-14 Daniela Trotta , Raffaele Guarasci , Elisa Leonardelli , Sara Tonelli

Large language models (LLMs) demonstrate remarkable ability to comprehend, reason, and generate following nature language instructions. However, the development of LLMs has been primarily focused on high-resource languages, such as English,…

In very recent years more attention has been placed on probing the role of pre-training data in Large Language Models (LLMs) downstream behaviour. Despite the importance, there is no public tool that supports such analysis of pre-training…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-03-28 Thuy-Trang Vu , Xuanli He , Gholamreza Haffari , Ehsan Shareghi

Based on the foundation of Large Language Models (LLMs), Multilingual LLMs (MLLMs) have been developed to address the challenges faced in multilingual natural language processing, hoping to achieve knowledge transfer from high-resource…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-10 Yuemei Xu , Ling Hu , Jiayi Zhao , Zihan Qiu , Kexin XU , Yuqi Ye , Hanwen Gu

The performance of large language models (LLMs) is deeply influenced by the quality and composition of their training data. While much of the existing work has centered on English, there remains a gap in understanding how to construct…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-11 Thales Sales Almeida , Rodrigo Nogueira , Helio Pedrini

This study explores the performance of large language models (LLMs) in solving competitive programming problems from the Romanian Informatics Olympiad at the county level. Romania, a leading nation in computer science competitions, provides…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-09-17 Adrian Marius Dumitran , Adrian Catalin Badea , Stefan-Gabriel Muscalu

Urdu, spoken by 230 million people worldwide, lacks dedicated transformer-based language models and curated corpora. While multilingual models provide limited Urdu support, they suffer from poor performance, high computational costs, and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Syed Muhammad Ali , Hammad Sajid , Zainab Haider , Ali Muhammad Asad , Haya Fatima , Abdul Samad

Language documentation projects often involve the creation of annotated text in a format such as interlinear glossed text (IGT), which captures fine-grained morphosyntactic analyses in a morpheme-by-morpheme format. However, there are few…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-14 Michael Ginn , Lindia Tjuatja , Taiqi He , Enora Rice , Graham Neubig , Alexis Palmer , Lori Levin

We introduce the Emergent Language Corpus Collection (ELCC): a collection of corpora generated from open source implementations of emergent communication systems across the literature. These systems include a variety of signalling game…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-05 Brendon Boldt , David Mortensen

Pre-trained Language Models (PLMs) are integral to many modern natural language processing (NLP) systems. Although multilingual models cover a wide range of languages, they often grapple with challenges like high inference costs and a lack…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-19 Murtadha Ahmed , Saghir Alfasly , Bo Wen , Jamaal Qasem , Mohammed Ahmed , Yunfeng Liu

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable performance on a variety of natural language tasks based on just a few examples of natural language instructions, reducing the need for extensive feature engineering. However, most…