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As with classical neural networks, quantum machine learning (QML) models are vulnerable to small input perturbations that can significantly alter output predictions. Certifying the robustness of QML models, particularly on NISQ hardware, is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-29 Ji Guan , Mingsheng Ying

Quantum reinforcement learning (QRL) aims to use quantum effects to create sequential decision-making policies that achieve tasks more effectively than their classical counterparts. However, QRL policies face uncertainty from quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-30 Dennis Gross

Quantum Machine Learning (QML) integrates quantum computing with classical machine learning, primarily to solve classification, regression and generative tasks. However, its rapid development raises critical security challenges in the Noisy…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-30 Archisman Ghosh , Satwik Kundu , Swaroop Ghosh

Quantum machine learning (QML) is a promising paradigm for tackling computational problems that challenge classical AI. Yet, the inherent probabilistic behavior of quantum mechanics, device noise in NISQ hardware, and hybrid…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-05 Ferhat Ozgur Catak , Jungwon Seo , Umit Cali

Machine learning models and their applications, such as autonomous driving systems, are becoming increasingly common and are essential components of human daily life. However, due to their sensitivity to perturbed noise, these models are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-13 Ban Q. Tran , Chuong K. Luong , Viet Q. Nguyen , Duong M. Chu , Susan Mengel

Several important models of machine learning algorithms have been successfully generalized to the quantum world, with potential speedup to training classical classifiers and applications to data analytics in quantum physics that can be…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-10-01 Ji Guan , Wang Fang , Mingsheng Ying

Quantum Machine Learning (QML) has emerged as a promising field that combines the power of quantum computing with the principles of machine learning. One of the significant challenges in QML is dealing with noise in quantum systems,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-09-13 Bikram Khanal , Pablo Rivas

Quantum machine learning models have the potential to offer speedups and better predictive accuracy compared to their classical counterparts. However, these quantum algorithms, like their classical counterparts, have been shown to also be…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-05-27 Maurice Weber , Nana Liu , Bo Li , Ce Zhang , Zhikuan Zhao

The effects of noise are one of the most important factors to consider when it comes to quantum computing in the noisy intermediate-scale quantum computing (NISQ) era that we are currently in. Therefore, it is important not only to gain…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-07 T. Piskor , M. Schöndorf , M. Bauer , D. Smith , T. Ayral , S. Pogorzalek , A. Auer , M. Papič

Quantization has emerged as an essential technique for deploying deep neural networks (DNNs) on devices with limited resources. However, quantized models exhibit vulnerabilities when exposed to various noises in real-world applications.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-07 Yisong Xiao , Aishan Liu , Tianyuan Zhang , Haotong Qin , Jinyang Guo , Xianglong Liu

Quantum computers have the potential to outperform classical computers for some complex computational problems. However, current quantum computers (e.g., from IBM and Google) have inherent noise that results in errors in the outputs of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-04-22 Asmar Muqeet , Shaukat Ali , Tao Yue , Paolo Arcaini

Near-term quantum machine learning (QML) models operate in environments wherein noise is unavoidable, arising from both imperfect classical data acquisition and the limitations of noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) hardware. Although…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-14 Bhavna Bose , Muhammad Faryad

Quantum computing promises a disruptive impact on machine learning algorithms, taking advantage of the exponentially large Hilbert space available. However, it is not clear how to scale quantum machine learning (QML) to industrial-level…

Noise and imperfections are among the prevalent challenges in quantum software engineering for current NISQ systems. They will remain important in the post-NISQ area, as logical, error-corrected qubits will be based on software mechanisms.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-17 Stefan Raimund Maschek , Jürgen Schwitalla , Maja Franz , Wolfgang Mauerer

Quantum computing is a game-changing technology for global academia, research centers and industries including computational science, mathematics, finance, pharmaceutical, materials science, chemistry and cryptography. Although it has seen…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-03-07 He-Liang Huang , Xiao-Yue Xu , Chu Guo , Guojing Tian , Shi-Jie Wei , Xiaoming Sun , Wan-Su Bao , Gui-Lu Long

Recently, quantum classifiers have been found to be vulnerable to adversarial attacks, in which quantum classifiers are deceived by imperceptible noises, leading to misclassification. In this paper, we propose the first theoretical study…

In the current era of quantum computing, robust and efficient tools are essential to bridge the gap between simulations and quantum hardware execution. In this work, we introduce a machine learning approach to characterize the noise…

Quantum machine learning (QML) is an emerging field that promises advantages such as faster training, improved reliability and superior feature extraction over classical counterparts. However, its implementation on quantum hardware is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-19 Eromanga Adermann , Hajime Suzuki , Muhammad Usman

Access to quantum computing is steadily increasing each year as the speed advantage of quantum computers solidifies with the growing number of usable qubits. However, the inherent noise encountered when running these systems can lead to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-09-24 Jon Gardeazabal-Gutierrez , Erik B. Terres-Escudero , Pablo García Bringas

This paper proposes a general decentralized framework for quantum kernel learning (QKL). It has robustness against quantum noise and can also be designed to defend adversarial information attacks forming a robust approach named RDQKL. We…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-21 Wenxuan Ma , Kuan-Cheng Chen , Shang Yu , Mengxiang Liu , Ruilong Deng
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