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The Little Red Dots (LRDs) are high-redshift galaxies uncovered by JWST, characterized by small effective radii ($R_{\rm eff} \sim 80-300$ pc), number densities that are intermediate between those of typical galaxies and quasars, and a…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-08-12 Fabio Pacucci , Abraham Loeb

The ``Little Red Dots'' (LRDs) are red and compact galaxies detected in JWST deep fields, mainly in the redshift range $z=4-8$. Given their compactness and the inferred stellar masses in the hypothesis that LRDs are starburst galaxies, the…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2024-08-29 Carl Audric Guia , Fabio Pacucci , Dale D. Kocevski

Little Red Dots (LRDs), among the most enigmatic high-redshift discoveries by JWST, are commonly believed to be powered by accreting supermassive black holes. Here, we explore the possibility that these sources are globular clusters in…

The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) observations have identified a class of compact galaxies at high redshifts ($4 \lesssim z \lesssim 11$), dubbed "little red dots" (LRDs). The supermassive black holes (SMBHs) of…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-07-24 Borui Zhang , Wei-Xiang Feng , Haipeng An

Recent JWST surveys have revealed two puzzling high-redshift phenomena: (1) an unexpectedly large abundance of flattened, disk-like galaxies at z > 3, and (2) a rare population of compact, extremely red sources at z ~ 4-9 ("Little Red…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2026-03-03 Yingjie Peng

The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) has uncovered an abundant population of compact, extremely red, and X-ray weak objects at $z\gtrsim4$, knows as ``Little Red Dots" (LRDs). These objects exhibit spectral energy distributions that…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2024-10-29 Hai-Long Huang , Jun-Qian Jiang , Jibin He , Yu-Tong Wang , Yun-Song Piao

One of the most remarkable discoveries of JWST is a population of compact, red sources at z > 4, commonly referred to as Little Red Dots (LRDs). Spectroscopic identifications reported that most LRDs are active galactic nuclei (AGNs), which…

The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) has uncovered many compact galaxies at high redshift with broad hydrogen and helium lines, including the enigmatic population of little red dots (LRDs). The nature of these galaxies is debated and is…

Early JWST studies found an apparent population of massive, compact galaxies at redshifts $z\gtrsim7$. Recently three of these galaxies were shown to have prominent Balmer breaks, demonstrating that their light at $\lambda_{\rm rest} \sim…

Recently, the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) has revealed a new class of high redshift (high-$z$, $z>4$) compact galaxies which are red in the rest-frame optical and blue in the rest-frame UV as V-shaped spectral energy distributions…

As part of a larger program to identify and characterize possible low-redshift analogs to massive compact red galaxies found at high redshift, we have examined the morphologies of three low-redshift compact galaxies drawn from the sample of…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-27 Hsin-Yi Shih , Alan Stockton

The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) has revealed a previously unknown population of compact, red galaxies at $z \sim 5$, known as "Little Red Dots" (LRDs). With effective radii of $\sim 100$ pc and stellar masses of $10^9-10^{11} \,…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-11-14 Fabio Pacucci , Lars Hernquist , Michiko Fujii

The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) has recently discovered a population of compact, red sources at z > 4 known as "Little Red Dots" (LRDs). They are characterized by their V-shaped continuum spectra and prominent broad Balmer emission…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2026-05-13 Weiyu Ding , Xu Kong , Wei-Jian Guo , Hu Zou , Jialai Wang , Fujia Li , Hongxin Zhang , Jie Song , Jingyi Zhang , Niu Li , Wen-Xiong Li

Little Red Dots (LRDs) are enigmatic, compact, red galaxies at high redshift, $z\sim 4$-$7$, discovered by the James Webb Space Telescope. Broad emission lines in the absence of X-ray and radio counterparts suggest that they host accreting…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-04-29 Riku Kuze , Kunihito Ioka , Kohta Murase , Shigeo S. Kimura , Kohei Inayoshi

The James Webb Space Telescope has unveiled an abundant population of potential active galactic nuclei (AGN) at high redshift ($z\gtrsim4$) known as little red dots (LRDs), which are likely hosted in relatively low-mass galaxies. However,…

Little red dots (LRDs) are a newly identified class of broad-line active galactic nuclei (AGN) with a distinctive v-shape spectrum characterized by red optical and blue UV continuum emission. Their high abundance at redshifts of $z\sim6-8$…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-04-29 Kohei Inayoshi , Jinyi Shangguan , Xian Chen , Luis C. Ho , Zoltan Haiman

One of JWST's most remarkable discoveries is a population of compact red galaxies known as Little Red Dots (LRDs). Their existence raises many questions about their nature, origin, and evolution. These galaxies show a steep decline in…

James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) has revealed a population of red and compact objects with a unique V-shape SED at z >= 4 known as Little Red Dots (LRDs). Most of the LRDs with existing spectral observations exhibit broad Balmer lines and…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2026-01-06 Zijian Zhang , Linhua Jiang , Weiyang Liu , Luis C. Ho , Kohei Inayoshi

The high redshift 'little red dots' (LRDs) detected with the James Webb Space Telescope are considered to be the cores of emerging galaxies that host active galactic nuclei (AGN). For the first time, we compare LRDs with local compact…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-05-07 Alister W. Graham , Igor V. Chilingarian , Dieu D. Nguyen , Roberto Soria , Mark Durre , Duncan A. Forbes

We present simulated counterparts of the ``Little Red Dot'' (LRD) galaxies observed with JWST, using the large cosmological hydrodynamic simulation, ASTRID. We create mock observations of the galaxies ($5 \leq z \leq 8$) in ASTRID, and find…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2026-01-21 Patrick LaChance , Rupert A. C. Croft , Tiziana Di Matteo , Yihao Zhou , Fabio Pacucci , Yueying Ni , Nianyi Chen , Simeon Bird
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