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We study the stochastic gravitational wave (GW) background induced by the primordial scalar perturbation with the spectrum having a lognormal peak of width $\Delta$ at $k=k_*$. We derive an analytical formula for the GW spectrum…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2020-09-30 Shi Pi , Misao Sasaki

The scalar perturbation induced gravitational waves are a probe of the primordial density perturbation spectrum on small scales. In this paper, we show that they can also probe the thermal history of the universe. We assume the universe…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2020-08-12 Guillem Domènech , Shi Pi , Misao Sasaki

Recently, the NANOGrav, PPTA, EPTA, and CPTA collaborations independently reported their evidence of the Stochastic Gravitational Waves Background (SGWB). While the inferred gravitational-wave background amplitude and spectrum are…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-12-21 Yi-Fu Cai , Xin-Chen He , Xiao-Han Ma , Sheng-Feng Yan , Guan-Wen Yuan

Gravitational waves (GWs) are useful to test gravitational theories and to probe the physics in the early universe. In this paper, we investigate the scalar induced gravitational waves (SIGWs) in symmetric teleparallel gravity with a…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-09-15 Fengge Zhang , Jia-Xi Feng , Xian Gao

The scalar induced gravitational waves (SIGWs) is a useful tool to probe the physics in the early universe. To study inflationary models with this tool, we need to know how the waveform of SIGWs is related to the shape of the scalar power…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2020-09-01 Fengge Zhang , Arshad Ali , Yungui Gong , Jiong Lin , Yizhou Lu

Scalar-induced gravitational waves (SIGWs) are attracting growing attention for probing extremely short-scale scalar perturbations via gravitational wave measurements. In this paper, we investigate the SIGWs from statistically anisotropic…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2022-09-08 Chao Chen , Atsuhisa Ota

The question of whether the parity violation occurs in gravitational interaction has recently attracted much attention. In this paper, we investigate the scalar induced gravitational waves (SIGWs) in symmetric teleparallel gravity…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-08-21 Fengge Zhang

Scalar-Induced Gravitational Waves (SIGWs), second-order tensor modes sourced by first-order scalar fluctuations in General Relativity (GR), are expected to contribute to the Stochastic Gravitational Wave Background (SGWB) potentially…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-07-11 Anjali Abirami Kugarajh , Marisol Traforetti , Andrea Maselli , Sabino Matarrese , Angelo Ricciardone

The power-law parametrization for the energy density spectrum of gravitational wave (GW) background is a useful tool to study its physics and origin. While scalar induced secondary gravitational waves (SIGWs) from some particular models fit…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-11-17 Zhu Yi , Qing Gao , Yungui Gong , Yue Wang , Fengge Zhang

Scalar-induced gravitational waves (SIGWs) open a unique window into early-universe physics. While their generation from adiabatic perturbations has been extensively studied, the contribution from isocurvature perturbations remains largely…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2026-03-24 Xiang-Xi Zeng

Scalar-induced gravitational waves (SIGWs) are ubiquitous in many early-Universe processes accompanied by non-Gaussianity; while Gaussian perturbation can generate significant SIGWs, computations of SIGWs can be significantly affected and…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2026-04-24 Xiang-Xi Zeng , Zhuan Ning , Rong-Gen Cai , Shao-Jiang Wang

The scalar induced gravitational waves are produced from primordial curvature perturbations in the second order of perturbations. We constrain the fractional energy density of scalar induced gravitational waves from gravitational waves…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2023-03-07 Jun Li , Guang-Hai Guo

Primordial gravitational waves (PGW) produced during inflation span a large range of frequencies, carrying information on the dynamics of the primordial universe. During an early scalar-tensor dominated epoch, the amplitude of the PGW…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-08-17 Debika Chowdhury , Gianmassimo Tasinato , Ivonne Zavala

Scalar Induced Gravitational Waves (SIGW) are generated at second order in perturbation theory and to achieve observational relevance, inflationary dynamics must evade the standard slow-roll scenario at small scales, generating large…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2026-05-27 Giovanni Piccoli

We offer a physical interpretation of the origin of the scalar-induced gravitational wave background, showing that it is mainly produced around the peaks of the scalar perturbations. We also provide a compact expression to estimate the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-09-30 A. J. Iovino , G. Perna , D. Perrone , D. Racco , A. Riotto

Parity-violation leaves tell-tale trails in many cosmological observables. We illustrate parity-odd primordial scalar trispectra, that despite being of modest strength, impart detectable chirality to scalar-induced gravitational waves…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-07-08 H. V. Ragavendra , Nicola Bartolo

We study the scalar induced gravitational wave (GW) background in inflation with gravitationally enhanced friction (GEF). The GEF mechanism, which is realized by assuming a nonminimal derivative coupling between the inflaton field and…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2020-01-31 Chengjie Fu , Puxun Wu , Hongwei Yu

Recent pulsar timing array collaborations have reported evidence of the stochastic gravitational wave background. The gravitational waves induced by primordial curvature perturbations, referred to as scalar-induced gravitational waves…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-04-18 Qing-Hua Zhu

Whether or not the primordial gravitational wave (GW) produced during inflation is sufficiently strong to be observable, GWs are necessarily produced from the primordial curvature perturbations in the second order of perturbation. The…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2018-07-02 Kazunori Kohri , Takahiro Terada

Many early universe scenarios predict an enhancement of scalar perturbations at scales currently unconstrained by cosmological probes. These perturbations source gravitational waves (GWs) at second order in perturbation theory, leading to a…

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