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Multi-head attention, a collection of several attention mechanisms that independently attend to different parts of the input, is the key ingredient in the Transformer. Recent work has shown, however, that a large proportion of the heads in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-07-28 Jiaoda Li , Ryan Cotterell , Mrinmaya Sachan

Pruning is a promising approach to compress deep learning models in order to deploy them on resource-constrained edge devices. However, many existing pruning solutions are based on unstructured pruning, which yields models that cannot…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-16 Kaiqi Zhao , Animesh Jain , Ming Zhao

Deep pre-trained Transformer models have achieved state-of-the-art results over a variety of natural language processing (NLP) tasks. By learning rich language knowledge with millions of parameters, these models are usually…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-11-10 Zhengyan Zhang , Fanchao Qi , Zhiyuan Liu , Qun Liu , Maosong Sun

While Transformer-based models have shown impressive language modeling performance, the large computation cost is often prohibitive for practical use. Attention head pruning, which removes unnecessary attention heads in the multihead…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-10-08 Kyuhong Shim , Iksoo Choi , Wonyong Sung , Jungwook Choi

The escalating demand for high-fidelity, real-time inference in distributed edge-cloud environments necessitates aggressive model optimization to counteract severe latency and energy constraints. This paper introduces the Hybrid…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Dinesh Gopalan , Ratul Ali

Transformers are considered one of the most important deep learning models since 2018, in part because it establishes state-of-the-art (SOTA) records and could potentially replace existing Deep Neural Networks (DNNs). Despite the remarkable…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-23 Hongwu Peng , Shaoyi Huang , Shiyang Chen , Bingbing Li , Tong Geng , Ang Li , Weiwen Jiang , Wujie Wen , Jinbo Bi , Hang Liu , Caiwen Ding

In modern large language models (LLMs), increasing the context length is crucial for improving comprehension and coherence in long-context, multi-modal, and retrieval-augmented language generation. While many recent transformer models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-24 Heejun Lee , Geon Park , Youngwan Lee , Jaduk Suh , Jina Kim , Wonyoung Jeong , Bumsik Kim , Hyemin Lee , Myeongjae Jeon , Sung Ju Hwang

Network pruning has been the driving force for the acceleration of neural networks and the alleviation of model storage/transmission burden. With the advent of AutoML and neural architecture search (NAS), pruning has become topical with…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-08-04 Yawei Li , Shuhang Gu , Kai Zhang , Luc Van Gool , Radu Timofte

The computational burden and inherent redundancy of large-scale datasets challenge the training of contemporary machine learning models. Data pruning offers a solution by selecting smaller, informative subsets, yet existing methods…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-02 Feiyang Kang , Nadine Chang , Maying Shen , Marc T. Law , Rafid Mahmood , Ruoxi Jia , Jose M. Alvarez

With the rapid development of deep learning, large language models have shown strong capabilities in complex reasoning tasks such as mathematical equation solving. However, their substantial computational and storage costs hinder practical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Fengming Yu , Qingyu Meng , Haiwei Pan , Kejia Zhang

Pruning is a highly effective approach for compressing large language models (LLMs), significantly reducing inference latency. However, conventional training-free structured pruning methods often employ a heuristic metric that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-28 Songtao Liu , Peng Liu

Transformers have emerged as the leading architecture in deep learning, proving to be versatile and highly effective across diverse domains beyond language and image processing. However, their impressive performance often incurs high…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-18 Xuan Shen , Zhao Song , Yufa Zhou , Bo Chen , Jing Liu , Ruiyi Zhang , Ryan A. Rossi , Hao Tan , Tong Yu , Xiang Chen , Yufan Zhou , Tong Sun , Pu Zhao , Yanzhi Wang , Jiuxiang Gu

Transformer architecture has gained popularity due to its ability to scale with large dataset. Consequently, there is a need to reduce the model size and latency, especially for on-device deployment. We focus on vision transformer proposed…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-03-28 Ankur Kumar

Transformer-based models have achieved remarkable performance in NLP tasks. However, their structural characteristics-multiple layers and attention heads-introduce efficiency challenges in inference and deployment. To address these…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Minsik Choi , Hyegang Son , Changhoon Kim , Young Geun Kim

Multi-head self-attention is a distinctive feature extraction mechanism of vision transformers that computes pairwise relationships among all input patches, contributing significantly to their high performance. However, it is known to incur…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-28 Yuki Igaue , Hiroaki Aizawa

As we push the boundaries of performance in various vision tasks, the models grow in size correspondingly. To keep up with this growth, we need very aggressive pruning techniques for efficient inference and deployment on edge devices.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-19 Xinglong Sun , Barath Lakshmanan , Maying Shen , Shiyi Lan , Jingde Chen , Jose Alvarez

Transformer encoders are widely deployed in large-scale web services for natural language understanding tasks such as text classification, semantic retrieval, and content ranking. However, their high inference latency and memory consumption…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-25 Zeli Su , Ziyin Zhang , Wenzheng Zhang , Zhou Liu , Guixian Xu , Wentao Zhang

The Transformer-based models with the multi-head self-attention mechanism are widely used in natural language processing, and provide state-of-the-art results. While the pre-trained language backbones are shown to implicitly capture certain…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-18 Zhengyuan Liu , Nancy F. Chen

Depth pruning aims to reduce the inference cost of a large language model without any hardware-specific complications, by simply removing several less important transformer blocks. However, our empirical findings suggest that the importance…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-13 Juyun Wee , Minjae Park , Jaeho Lee

Multi-head self-attention forms the core of Transformer networks. However, their quadratically growing complexity with respect to the input sequence length impedes their deployment on resource-constrained edge devices. We address this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-04-08 Zuzana Jelčicová , Marian Verhelst
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