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Despite recent advancements of large language models (LLMs), optimally predicting the model size for LLM pretraining or allocating optimal resources still remains a challenge. Several efforts have addressed the challenge by proposing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-11 Md Arafat Hossain , Xingfu Wu , Valerie Taylor , Ali Jannesari

Modern large language models (LLMs) represent a paradigm shift in what can plausibly be expected of machine learning models. The fact that LLMs can effectively generate sensible answers to a diverse range of queries suggests that they would…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-27 Dean Wyatte , Fatemeh Tahmasbi , Ming Li , Thomas Markovich

Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable success across a wide range of natural language tasks, and recent efforts have sought to extend their capabilities to multimodal domains and resource-constrained environments. However,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Yun-Da Tsai

Large Language Models (LLMs) hold promise in automating data analysis tasks, yet open-source models face significant limitations in these kinds of reasoning-intensive scenarios. In this work, we investigate strategies to enhance the data…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-14 Yuqi Zhu , Yi Zhong , Jintian Zhang , Ziheng Zhang , Shuofei Qiao , Yujie Luo , Lun Du , Da Zheng , Ningyu Zhang , Huajun Chen

Selecting high-quality and diverse training samples from extensive datasets plays a crucial role in reducing training overhead and enhancing the performance of Large Language Models (LLMs). However, existing studies fall short in assessing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Zhuo Li , Yuhao Du , Xiaoqi Jiao , Yiwen Guo , Yuege Feng , Xiang Wan , Anningzhe Gao , Jinpeng Hu

Domain reweighting is an emerging research area aimed at adjusting the relative weights of different data sources to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of LLM pre-training. We show that data mixtures that perform well at smaller…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Feiyang Kang , Yifan Sun , Bingbing Wen , Si Chen , Dawn Song , Rafid Mahmood , Ruoxi Jia

Empirically-determined scaling laws have been broadly successful in predicting the evolution of large machine learning models with training data and number of parameters. As a consequence, they have been useful for optimizing the allocation…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-26 Katherine L. Mentzer , Andrea Montanari

Understanding how language model performance varies with scale is critical to benchmark and algorithm development. Scaling laws are one approach to building this understanding, but the requirement of training models across many different…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-03 Yangjun Ruan , Chris J. Maddison , Tatsunori Hashimoto

In this paper, we present the case for a declarative foundation for data-intensive machine learning systems. Instead of creating a new system for each specific flavor of machine learning task, or hardcoding new optimizations, we argue for…

As language models scale up, it becomes increasingly expensive to verify research ideas because conclusions on small models do not trivially transfer to large ones. A possible solution is to establish a generic system that accurately…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-09 Yiqun Yao , Siqi fan , Xiusheng Huang , Xuezhi Fang , Xiang Li , Ziyi Ni , Xin Jiang , Xuying Meng , Peng Han , Shuo Shang , Kang Liu , Aixin Sun , Yequan Wang

Leading models for the text-to-SQL task heavily rely on proprietary Large Language Models (LLMs), posing concerns over data privacy. Closing the performance gap between small open-source models and large proprietary models is crucial to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-05 Mohammadreza Pourreza , Davood Rafiei

Large language model pre-training has become increasingly expensive, with most practitioners relying on scaling laws to allocate compute budgets for model size and training tokens, commonly referred to as Compute-Optimal or Chinchilla…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-03 Zhen Guo

Large language models (LLMs) have recently garnered significant interest. With in-context learning, LLMs achieve impressive results in various natural language tasks. However, the application of LLMs to sentence embeddings remains an area…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-01 Ting Jiang , Shaohan Huang , Zhongzhi Luan , Deqing Wang , Fuzhen Zhuang

Training Transformer language models is expensive, as performance typically improves with increasing dataset size and computational budget. Although scaling laws describe this trend at large scale, their implications in controlled,…

Inspired by recent findings on the fractal geometry of language, we introduce Recursive INference Scaling (RINS) as a complementary, plug-in recipe for scaling inference time in language and multimodal systems. RINS is a particular form of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-09 Ibrahim Alabdulmohsin , Xiaohua Zhai

In recent years, language models have drastically grown in size, and the abilities of these models have been shown to improve with scale. The majority of recent scaling laws studies focused on high-compute high-parameter count settings,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-01 Vijeta Deshpande , Dan Pechi , Shree Thatte , Vladislav Lialin , Anna Rumshisky

Pretrained language models like BERT and T5 serve as crucial backbone encoders for dense retrieval. However, these models often exhibit limited generalization capabilities and face challenges in improving in domain accuracy. Recent research…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-26 Kun Luo , Minghao Qin , Zheng Liu , Shitao Xiao , Jun Zhao , Kang Liu

Large language models (LLMs) are trained on text-only data that go far beyond the languages with paired speech and text data. At the same time, Dual Encoder (DE) based retrieval systems project queries and documents into the same embedding…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-11 Frank Palma Gomez , Ramon Sanabria , Yun-hsuan Sung , Daniel Cer , Siddharth Dalmia , Gustavo Hernandez Abrego

This paper introduces a system that integrates large language models (LLMs) into the clinical trial retrieval process, enhancing the effectiveness of matching patients with eligible trials while maintaining information privacy and allowing…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-11-01 Georgios Peikos , Pranav Kasela , Gabriella Pasi

Large Language Models (LLMs) and other large foundation models have achieved noteworthy success, but their size exacerbates existing resource consumption and latency challenges. In particular, the large-scale deployment of these models is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-30 Banghua Zhu , Ying Sheng , Lianmin Zheng , Clark Barrett , Michael I. Jordan , Jiantao Jiao
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