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Fine-tuned Large Language Models (LLMs) often demonstrate poor calibration, with their confidence scores misaligned with actual performance. While calibration has been extensively studied in models trained from scratch, the impact of LLMs'…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Ziming Wang , Zeyu Shi , Haoyi Zhou , Shiqi Gao , Qingyun Sun , Jianxin Li

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown promising performance in text-to-SQL, which involves translating natural language questions into SQL queries. However, current text-to-SQL LLMs are computationally expensive and challenging to deploy…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-16 Qihuang Zhong , Kunfeng Chen , Liang Ding , Juhua Liu , Bo Du , Dacheng Tao

Large language models (LLMs) encapsulate a vast amount of factual information within their pre-trained weights, as evidenced by their ability to answer diverse questions across different domains. However, this knowledge is inherently…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-01-31 Oded Ovadia , Menachem Brief , Moshik Mishaeli , Oren Elisha

Large language models (LLMs) often struggle with knowledge intensive NLP tasks, such as answering "Who won the latest World Cup?" because the knowledge they learn during training may be insufficient or outdated. Conditioning generation on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Matthew Finlayson , Ilia Kulikov , Daniel M. Bikel , Barlas Oguz , Xilun Chen , Aasish Pappu

Web-scale pre-training datasets are the cornerstone of LLMs' success. However, text data curated from the Internet inevitably contains random noise caused by decoding errors or unregulated web content. In contrast to previous works that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-19 Jinghan Ru , Yuxin Xie , Xianwei Zhuang , Yuguo Yin , Zhihui Guo , Zhiming Liu , Qianli Ren , Yuexian Zou

Large Language Models (LLMs) often struggle with dynamically changing knowledge and handling unknown static information. Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) is employed to tackle these challenges and has a significant impact on improving…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-18 Zhen Zhang , Xinyu Wang , Yong Jiang , Zile Qiao , Zhuo Chen , Guangyu Li , Feiteng Mu , Mengting Hu , Pengjun Xie , Fei Huang

Knowledge distillation (KD) is an effective model compression method that can transfer the internal capabilities of large language models (LLMs) to smaller ones. However, the multi-modal probability distribution predicted by teacher LLMs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-19 Tianyu Peng , Jiajun Zhang

Large language models (LLMs) demonstrate exceptional instruct-following ability to complete various downstream tasks. Although this impressive ability makes LLMs flexible task solvers, their performance in solving tasks also heavily relies…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-03 Pengwei Zhan , Zhen Xu , Qian Tan , Jie Song , Ru Xie

Growing efforts to improve knowledge distillation (KD) in large language models (LLMs) replace dense teacher supervision with selective distillation, which uses a subset of token positions, vocabulary classes, or training samples for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Almog Tavor , Itay Ebenspanger , Neil Cnaan , Mor Geva

With a growing focus on morphological inflection systems for languages where high-quality data is scarce, training data noise is a serious but so far largely ignored concern. We aim at closing this gap by investigating the types of noise…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-29 Adam Wiemerslage , Changbing Yang , Garrett Nicolai , Miikka Silfverberg , Katharina Kann

Large language models (LLMs) often retain outdated or incorrect information from pre-training, which undermines their reliability. While model editing methods have been developed to address such errors without full re-training, they…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Dahyun Jung , Jaehyung Seo , Jaewook Lee , Chanjun Park , Heuiseok Lim

Auto-evaluating language models (LMs), i.e., using a grader LM to evaluate the candidate LM, is an appealing way to accelerate the evaluation process and the cost associated with it. But this presents a paradox: how can we trust the grader…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Jin Peng Zhou , Sébastien M. R. Arnold , Nan Ding , Kilian Q. Weinberger , Nan Hua , Fei Sha

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in settings where the available context is incomplete or degraded. We argue that an LLM generating answers under incomplete context can be viewed as an implicit imputer, and evaluated…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-05-14 Stef van Buuren

Large-scale pretraining datasets drive the success of large language models (LLMs). However, these web-scale corpora inevitably contain large amounts of noisy data due to unregulated web content or randomness inherent in data. Although LLM…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Qizhen Zhang , Ankush Garg , Jakob Foerster , Niladri Chatterji , Kshitiz Malik , Mike Lewis

A common solution for mitigating outdated or incorrect information in Large Language Models (LLMs) is to provide updated facts in-context or through knowledge editing. However, these methods introduce knowledge conflicts when the knowledge…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-23 Yiyang Feng , Zeming Chen , Haotian Wu , Jiawei Zhou , Antoine Bosselut

Large language models (LLMs) acquire vast knowledge from large text corpora, but this information can become outdated or inaccurate. Since retraining is computationally expensive, knowledge editing offers an efficient alternative --…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-13 Amir Mohammad Salehoof , Ali Ramezani , Yadollah Yaghoobzadeh , Majid Nili Ahmadabadi

The questionable responses caused by knowledge hallucination may lead to LLMs' unstable ability in decision-making. However, it has never been investigated whether the LLMs' hallucination is possibly usable to generate negative reasoning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-13 Chaowei Zhang , Zongling Feng , Zewei Zhang , Jipeng Qiang , Guandong Xu , Yun Li

Previous literatures show that pre-trained masked language models (MLMs) such as BERT can achieve competitive factual knowledge extraction performance on some datasets, indicating that MLMs can potentially be a reliable knowledge source. In…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-18 Boxi Cao , Hongyu Lin , Xianpei Han , Le Sun , Lingyong Yan , Meng Liao , Tong Xue , Jin Xu

In the absence of abundant reliable annotations for challenging tasks and contexts, how can we expand the frontier of LLM capabilities with potentially wrong answers? We focus on two research questions: (1) Can LLMs generate reliable…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-16 Jihan Yao , Wenxuan Ding , Shangbin Feng , Lucy Lu Wang , Yulia Tsvetkov

As MT quality increases, interest in enhanced post-editing features such as QE-derived error highlights is growing, yet evidence for their usefulness remains limited. In this work, we explore the usefulness of LLM-derived error highlights…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Fleur V. J. van Tellingen , Gautam Ranka , Dora Žugčić , Joyce van der Wal , Andrea Camasta , Livio Guerra , Alina Karakanta
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