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Automated Essay Scoring systems have traditionally focused on holistic scores, limiting their pedagogical usefulness, especially in the case of complex essay genres such as argumentative writing. In educational contexts, teachers and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-05 Lucile Favero , Juan Antonio Pérez-Ortiz , Tanja Käser , Nuria Oliver

Providing timely and meaningful feedback remains a persistent challenge in higher education, especially in large courses where teachers must balance formative depth with scalability. Recent advances in Generative Artificial Intelligence…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-01-26 Alvaro Becerra , Ruth Cobos

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown strong general capabilities in many applications. However, how to make them reliable tools for some specific tasks such as automated short answer grading (ASAG) remains a challenge. We present SteLLA…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Hefei Qiu , Brian White , Ashley Ding , Reinaldo Costa , Ali Hachem , Wei Ding , Ping Chen

Evaluating long document summaries remains the primary bottleneck in summarization research. Existing metrics correlate weakly with human judgments and produce aggregate scores without explaining deficiencies or guiding improvement,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Huyen Nguyen , Haoxuan Zhang , Yang Zhang , Haihua Chen , Junhua Ding

Receiving timely and personalized feedback is essential for second-language learners, especially when human instructors are unavailable. This study explores the effectiveness of Large Language Models (LLMs), including both proprietary and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Changrong Xiao , Wenxing Ma , Qingping Song , Sean Xin Xu , Kunpeng Zhang , Yufang Wang , Qi Fu

Students in introductory physics courses often rely on ineffective strategies, focusing on final answers rather than understanding underlying principles. Integrating scientific argumentation into problem-solving fosters critical thinking…

Physics Education · Physics 2025-08-21 Winter Allen , Anand Shanker , N. Sanjay Rebello

The rapid evolution of artificial intelligence (AI), specifically large language models (LLMs), has opened opportunities for various educational applications. This paper explored the feasibility of utilizing ChatGPT, one of the most popular…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-12-20 Zhengdong Zhang , Zihan Dong , Yang Shi , Noboru Matsuda , Thomas Price , Dongkuan Xu

Automated grading systems can efficiently score short-answer responses, yet they often fail to indicate when a grading decision is uncertain or potentially contentious. We introduce semantic entropy, a measure of variability across multiple…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-07 Karrtik Iyer , Manikandan Ravikiran , Prasanna Pendse , Shayan Mohanty

Providing feedback is widely recognized as crucial for refining students' writing skills. Recent advances in language models (LMs) have made it possible to automatically generate feedback that is actionable and well-aligned with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-11 Inderjeet Nair , Jiaye Tan , Xiaotian Su , Anne Gere , Xu Wang , Lu Wang

In English education tutoring, teacher feedback is essential for guiding students. Recently, AI-based tutoring systems have emerged to assist teachers; however, these systems require high-quality and large-scale teacher feedback data, which…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-15 Hyein Seo , Taewook Hwang , Yohan Lee , sangkeun Jung

This study explores the classroom implementation of an AI-powered grading platform in K-12 settings through a co-design pilot with 19 teachers. We combine platform usage logs, surveys, and qualitative interviews to examine how teachers use…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-11-06 Zewei Tian , Alex Liu , Lief Esbenshade , Shawon Sarkar , Zachary Zhang , Kevin He , Min Sun

Traditional medical basic sciences educational approaches follow a one-size-fits-all model, neglecting the diverse learning styles of individual students. I propose an intelligent AI companion which will fill this gap by providing…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-09-18 Ritwik Raj Saxena

Automatic essay grading (AEG) is a process in which machines assign a grade to an essay written in response to a topic, called the prompt. Zero-shot AEG is when we train a system to grade essays written to a new prompt which was not present…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-02-23 Sandeep Mathias , Rudra Murthy , Diptesh Kanojia , Pushpak Bhattacharyya

One of the fundamental challenges towards building any intelligent tutoring system is its ability to automatically grade short student answers. A typical automatic short answer grading system (ASAG) grades student answers across multiple…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-02-26 Swarnadeep Saha , Tejas I. Dhamecha , Smit Marvaniya , Peter Foltz , Renuka Sindhgatta , Bikram Sengupta

This study investigated potential scoring biases and disparities toward English Language Learners (ELLs) when using automatic scoring systems for middle school students' written responses to science assessments. We specifically focus on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Shuchen Guo , Yun Wang , Jichao Yu , Xuansheng Wu , Bilgehan Ayik , Field M. Watts , Ehsan Latif , Ninghao Liu , Lei Liu , Xiaoming Zhai

Providing valuable and personalized feedback is essential for effective learning, but delivering it promptly can be challenging in large-scale courses. Recent research has explored automated feedback mechanisms across various programming…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-08-14 Ricardo Brancas , Pedro Orvalho , Carolina Carreira , Vasco Manquinho , Ruben Martins

This article provides a review of the literature of students' feedback papers published in recent years employing data mining techniques. In particular, the focus is to highlight those papers which are using either machine learning or deep…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2020-11-12 Maryam Edalati

This paper explores the use of large language models (LLMs) to score and explain short-answer assessments in K-12 science. While existing methods can score more structured math and computer science assessments, they often do not provide…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-02 Clayton Cohn , Nicole Hutchins , Tuan Le , Gautam Biswas

Developments in the educational landscape have spurred greater interest in the problem of automatically scoring short answer questions. A recent shared task on this topic revealed a fundamental divide in the modeling approaches that have…

Providing explainable and faithful feedback is crucial for automated student answer assessment. In this paper, we introduce a novel framework that explores using ChatGPT, a cutting-edge large language model, for the concurrent tasks of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-25 Jiazheng Li , Lin Gui , Yuxiang Zhou , David West , Cesare Aloisi , Yulan He
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