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Artificial intelligence, particularly through recent advancements in deep learning, has achieved exceptional performances in many tasks in fields such as natural language processing and computer vision. In addition to desirable evaluation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-04 Sean Xie , Soroush Vosoughi , Saeed Hassanpour

In machine learning (ML), it is in general challenging to provide a detailed explanation on how a trained model arrives at its prediction. Thus, usually we are left with a black-box, which from a scientific standpoint is not satisfactory.…

Materials Science · Physics 2021-04-22 Luca M. Ghiringhelli

In this work, we propose a simple but effective method to interpret black-box machine learning models globally. That is, we use a compact binary tree, the interpretation tree, to explicitly represent the most important decision rules that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-05-24 Chengliang Yang , Anand Rangarajan , Sanjay Ranka

Tree ensembles, such as random forest and boosted trees, are renowned for their high prediction performance, whereas their interpretability is critically limited. In this paper, we propose a post processing method that improves the model…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2016-06-20 Satoshi Hara , Kohei Hayashi

In machine learning algorithm design, there exists a trade-off between the interpretability and performance of the algorithm. In general, algorithms which are simpler and easier for humans to comprehend tend to show worse performance than…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-15 Eric M. Vernon , Naoki Masuyama , Yusuke Nojima

In recent years, the use of sophisticated statistical models that influence decisions in domains of high societal relevance is on the rise. Although these models can often bring substantial improvements in the accuracy and efficiency of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-13 Alfredo Carrillo , Luis F. Cantú , Alejandro Noriega

Data-driven models are central to scientific discovery. In efforts to achieve state-of-the-art model accuracy, researchers are employing increasingly complex machine learning algorithms that often outperform simple regressions in…

Materials Science · Physics 2022-12-21 Eric S. Muckley , James E. Saal , Bryce Meredig , Christopher S. Roper , John H. Martin

We propose a procedure to build a decision tree which approximates the performance of complex machine learning models. This single approximation tree can be used to interpret and simplify the predicting pattern of random forests (RFs) and…

Methodology · Statistics 2016-10-31 Yichen Zhou , Giles Hooker

Understanding the inner mechanisms of black-box foundation models (FMs) is essential yet challenging in artificial intelligence and its applications. Over the last decade, the long-running focus has been on their explainability, leading to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-26 Shi Fu , Yuzhu Chen , Yingjie Wang , Dacheng Tao

Random forests are decision tree ensembles that can be used to solve a variety of machine learning problems. However, as the number of trees and their individual size can be large, their decision making process is often incomprehensible. In…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-11-22 Nico Potyka , Xiang Yin , Francesca Toni

Random Forests (RF) is a popular machine learning method for classification and regression problems. It involves a bagging application to decision tree models. One of the primary advantages of the Random Forests model is the reduction in…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-07-06 Sai K Popuri

Random Forest (RF) is a powerful ensemble method for classification and regression tasks. It consists of decision trees set. Although, a single tree is well interpretable for human, the ensemble of trees is a black-box model. The popular…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2014-07-17 Piotr Płoński , Krzysztof Zaremba

Recent efforts in Machine Learning (ML) interpretability have focused on creating methods for explaining black-box ML models. However, these methods rely on the assumption that simple approximations, such as linear models or decision-trees,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-06-13 Owen Lahav , Nicholas Mastronarde , Mihaela van der Schaar

The interpretability of models has become a crucial issue in Machine Learning because of algorithmic decisions' growing impact on real-world applications. Tree ensemble methods, such as Random Forests or XgBoost, are powerful learning tools…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-01-19 Giulia Di Teodoro , Marta Monaci , Laura Palagi

A task of interest in machine learning (ML) is that of ascribing explanations to the predictions made by ML models. Furthermore, in domains deemed high risk, the rigor of explanations is paramount. Indeed, incorrect explanations can and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-11 Mohamed Siala , Jordi Planes , Joao Marques-Silva

Predicting rare outcomes such as startup success is central to venture capital, demanding models that are both accurate and interpretable. We introduce Random Rule Forest (RRF), a lightweight ensemble method that uses a large language model…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-17 Ben Griffin , Diego Vidaurre , Ugur Koyluoglu , Joseph Ternasky , Fuat Alican , Yigit Ihlamur

As machine learning models are increasingly deployed in sensitive application areas, the demand for interpretable and trustworthy decision-making has increased. Random Forests (RF), despite their widespread use and strong performance on…

Advanced machine learning models have recently achieved high predictive accuracy for weather and climate prediction. However, these complex models often lack inherent transparency and interpretability, acting as "black boxes" that impede…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2024-03-29 Ruyi Yang , Jingyu Hu , Zihao Li , Jianli Mu , Tingzhao Yu , Jiangjiang Xia , Xuhong Li , Aritra Dasgupta , Haoyi Xiong

Random Forest (RF) is an ensemble supervised machine learning technique that was developed by Breiman over a decade ago. Compared with other ensemble techniques, it has proved its accuracy and superiority. Many researchers, however, believe…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2015-03-18 Khaled Fawagreh , Mohamad Medhat Gaber , Eyad Elyan

Random Forest (RF) is a widely used ensemble learning technique known for its robust classification performance across diverse domains. However, it often relies on hundreds of trees and all input features, leading to high inference cost and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Sijan Bhattarai , Saurav Bhandari , Girija Bhusal , Saroj Shakya , Tapendra Pandey