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Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated significant promise in automating software development tasks, yet their capabilities with respect to software design tasks remains largely unclear. This study investigates the capabilities of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-03-11 L. P. Franciscatto Guerra , N. Ernst

LLM-based agents are rapidly being adopted across diverse domains. Since they interact with users without supervision, they must be tested extensively. Current testing approaches focus on acceptance-level evaluation from the user's…

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used to automate or augment penetration testing, but their effectiveness and reliability across attack phases remain unclear. We present a comprehensive evaluation of multiple LLM-based agents,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-14 Lanxiao Huang , Daksh Dave , Tyler Cody , Peter Beling , Ming Jin

Large language models (LLMs) show remarkable potential to act as computer agents, enhancing human productivity and software accessibility in multi-modal tasks that require planning and reasoning. However, measuring agent performance in…

Large Language Models (LLMs) have increasingly demonstrated the ability to facilitate the development of multi-agent systems that allow the interpretation of thoughts and actions generated by each individual. Promising advancements have…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2024-09-24 Asher Sprigler , Alexander Drobek , Keagan Weinstock , Wendpanga Tapsoba , Gavin Childress , Andy Dao , Lucas Gral

Task-oriented conversational systems are essential for efficiently addressing diverse user needs, yet their development requires substantial amounts of high-quality conversational data that is challenging and costly to obtain. While large…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-11-06 Zhefan Wang , Ning Geng , Zhiqiang Guo , Weizhi Ma , Min Zhang

Adversarial board games, as a paradigmatic domain of strategic reasoning and intelligence, have long served as both a popular competitive activity and a benchmark for evaluating artificial intelligence (AI) systems. Building on this…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-08 Yingjie Zhou , Jiezhang Cao , Farong Wen , Li Xu , Yanwei Jiang , Jun Jia , Ronghui Li , Xiaohong Liu , Yu Zhou , Xiongkuo Min , Jie Guo , Zicheng Zhang , Guangtao Zhai

Developing AI agents capable of interacting with open-world environments to solve diverse tasks is a compelling challenge. However, evaluating such open-ended agents remains difficult, with current benchmarks facing scalability limitations.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Xinyue Zheng , Haowei Lin , Kaichen He , Zihao Wang , Zilong Zheng , Yitao Liang

This survey explores the development of meta-thinking capabilities in Large Language Models (LLMs) from a Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) perspective. Meta-thinking self-reflection, assessment, and control of thinking processes is…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Ahsan Bilal , Muhammad Ahmed Mohsin , Muhammad Umer , Muhammad Awais Khan Bangash , Muhammad Ali Jamshed

Minecraft, as an open-world virtual interactive environment, has become a prominent platform for research on agent decision-making and execution. Existing works primarily adopt a single Large Language Model (LLM) agent to complete various…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-27 Qi Chai , Zhang Zheng , Junlong Ren , Deheng Ye , Zichuan Lin , Hao Wang

We introduce SimulBench, a benchmark designed to evaluate large language models (LLMs) across a diverse collection of creative simulation scenarios, such as acting as a Linux terminal or playing text games with users. While these simulation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-13 Qi Jia , Xiang Yue , Tianyu Zheng , Jie Huang , Bill Yuchen Lin

The last couple of years have witnessed emerging research that appropriates Theory-of-Mind (ToM) tasks designed for humans to benchmark LLM's ToM capabilities as an indication of LLM's social intelligence. However, this approach has a…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-04-16 Qiaosi Wang , Xuhui Zhou , Maarten Sap , Jodi Forlizzi , Hong Shen

The rapid adoption of AI agents across domains has made systematic evaluation crucial for ensuring their usefulness and successful production deployment. Evaluation of AI agents typically involves using a fixed set of benchmarks and…

We introduce MCP-Bench, a benchmark for evaluating large language models (LLMs) on realistic, multi-step tasks that demand tool use, cross-tool coordination, precise parameter control, and planning/reasoning for solving tasks. Built on the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-29 Zhenting Wang , Qi Chang , Hemani Patel , Shashank Biju , Cheng-En Wu , Quan Liu , Aolin Ding , Alireza Rezazadeh , Ankit Shah , Yujia Bao , Eugene Siow

Since the advent of Large Language Models (LLMs), various research based on such models have maintained significant academic attention and impact, especially in AI and robotics. In this paper, we propose a multi-agent framework with LLMs to…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-05-12 Junhong Chen , Ziqi Yang , Haoyuan G Xu , Dandan Zhang , George Mylonas

Playing video games requires perception, memory, and planning, exactly the faculties modern large language model (LLM) agents are expected to master. We study the major challenges in using popular video games to evaluate modern LLMs and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Lanxiang Hu , Mingjia Huo , Yuxuan Zhang , Haoyang Yu , Eric P. Xing , Ion Stoica , Tajana Rosing , Haojian Jin , Hao Zhang

In this paper, we propose the use of the popular word-based board game Codenames as a suitable benchmark for evaluating the reasoning capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs). Codenames presents a highly interesting challenge for…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-23 Matthew Stephenson , Matthew Sidji , Benoît Ronval

Today's AI models learn primarily through mimicry and refining, so it is not surprising that they struggle to solve problems beyond the limits set by existing data. To solve novel problems, agents should acquire skills for exploring and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Raj Ghugare , Roger Creus Castanyer , Catherine Ji , Kathryn Wantlin , Jin Schofield , Karthik Narasimhan , Benjamin Eysenbach

Recent advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown outstanding potential for role-playing applications. Evaluating these capabilities is becoming crucial yet remains challenging. Existing benchmarks mostly adopt a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Hao Xiang , Tianyi Tang , Yang Su , Bowen Yu , An Yang , Fei Huang , Yichang Zhang , Yaojie Lu , Hongyu Lin , Xianpei Han , Jingren Zhou , Junyang Lin , Le Sun

The swift evolution of Large-scale Models (LMs), either language-focused or multi-modal, has garnered extensive attention in both academy and industry. But despite the surge in interest in this rapidly evolving area, there are scarce…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-03-18 Xinrun Xu , Yuxin Wang , Chaoyi Xu , Ziluo Ding , Jiechuan Jiang , Zhiming Ding , Börje F. Karlsson