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Known by more than 1.5 billion people in the Indian subcontinent, Indic languages present unique challenges and opportunities for natural language processing (NLP) research due to their rich cultural heritage, linguistic diversity, and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-29 Sankalp KJ , Ashutosh Kumar , Laxmaan Balaji , Nikunj Kotecha , Vinija Jain , Aman Chadha , Sreyoshi Bhaduri

In this paper, I present our work on DeepRAG, a specialized embedding model we built specifically for Hindi language in RAG systems. While LLMs have gotten really good at generating text, their performance in retrieval tasks still depends…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-12 Nandakishor M

Recent large language models (LLM) exhibit sub-optimal performance on low-resource languages, as the training data of these models is usually dominated by English and other high-resource languages. Furthermore, it is challenging to train…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-18 Zoltan Csaki , Pian Pawakapan , Urmish Thakker , Qiantong Xu

Small Language Models (SLMs) offer efficient alternatives to LLMs for specific domains. The 2023 TinyStories study developed an English dataset that allows SLMs with 1 to 10 million parameters to produce coherent outputs. Our research…

The development of monolingual language models for low and mid-resource languages continues to be hindered by the difficulty in sourcing high-quality training data. In this study, we present a novel cross-lingual vocabulary transfer…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-09 François Remy , Pieter Delobelle , Hayastan Avetisyan , Alfiya Khabibullina , Miryam de Lhoneux , Thomas Demeester

Pre-training state-of-the-art large language models (LLMs) requires vast amounts of clean and diverse text data. While the open development of large high-quality English pre-training datasets has seen substantial recent progress, training…

Multilingual Large Language Models (LLMs) often provide suboptimal performance on low-resource languages like Urdu. This paper introduces UrduLLaMA 1.0, a model derived from the open-source Llama-3.1-8B-Instruct architecture and continually…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Layba Fiaz , Munief Hassan Tahir , Sana Shams , Sarmad Hussain

We present iNLTK, an open-source NLP library consisting of pre-trained language models and out-of-the-box support for Data Augmentation, Textual Similarity, Sentence Embeddings, Word Embeddings, Tokenization and Text Generation in 13 Indic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-02-15 Gaurav Arora

Natural Language Generation (NLG) for non-English languages is hampered by the scarcity of datasets in these languages. In this paper, we present the IndicNLG Benchmark, a collection of datasets for benchmarking NLG for 11 Indic languages.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-28 Aman Kumar , Himani Shrotriya , Prachi Sahu , Raj Dabre , Ratish Puduppully , Anoop Kunchukuttan , Amogh Mishra , Mitesh M. Khapra , Pratyush Kumar

We present an ongoing initiative to provide open, very large, high-quality, and richly annotated textual datasets for almost 200 languages. At 30 trillion tokens, this is likely the largest generally available multilingual collection of LLM…

Building Natural Language Understanding (NLU) capabilities for Indic languages, which have a collective speaker base of more than one billion speakers is absolutely crucial. In this work, we aim to improve the NLU capabilities of Indic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-25 Sumanth Doddapaneni , Rahul Aralikatte , Gowtham Ramesh , Shreya Goyal , Mitesh M. Khapra , Anoop Kunchukuttan , Pratyush Kumar

While Indic NLP has made rapid advances recently in terms of the availability of corpora and pre-trained models, benchmark datasets on standard NLU tasks are limited. To this end, we introduce IndicXNLI, an NLI dataset for 11 Indic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-04-20 Divyanshu Aggarwal , Vivek Gupta , Anoop Kunchukuttan

The performance of a large language model (LLM) depends heavily on the quality and size of its pretraining dataset. However, the pretraining datasets for state-of-the-art open LLMs like Llama 3 and Mixtral are not publicly available and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-01 Guilherme Penedo , Hynek Kydlíček , Loubna Ben allal , Anton Lozhkov , Margaret Mitchell , Colin Raffel , Leandro Von Werra , Thomas Wolf

Current advancements in Natural Language Processing (NLP) have largely favored resource-rich languages, leaving a significant gap in high-quality datasets for low-resource languages like Hindi. This scarcity is particularly evident in text…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Praveenkumar Katwe , RakeshChandra Balabantaray , Kaliprasad Vittala

While Large Language Models (LLMs) have significantly advanced Text-to-SQL performance, existing benchmarks predominantly focus on Western contexts and simplified schemas, leaving a gap in real-world, non-Western applications. We present…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Aviral Dawar , Roshan Karanth , Vikram Goyal , Dhruv Kumar

Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) have remarkably enhanced performances on a variety of tasks in multiple languages. However, tokenizers in LLMs trained primarily on English-centric corpora often overly fragment a text…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-07 Jimin Hong , Gibbeum Lee , Jaewoong Cho

Large Language Models (LLMs) excel in English, but their performance degrades significantly on low-resource languages (LRLs) due to English-centric training. While methods like LangBridge align LLMs with multilingual encoders such as the…

The performance of a text-to-speech (TTS) synthesis model depends on various factors, of which the quality of the training data is of utmost importance. Millions of data are collected around the globe for various languages, but resources…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-10-21 Sujitha Sathiyamoorthy , N Mohana , Anusha Prakash , Hema A Murthy

Large language models have drastically changed the prospects of AI by introducing technologies for more complex natural language processing. However, current methodologies to train such LLMs require extensive resources including but not…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-27 Noel Elias , Homa Esfahanizadeh , Kaan Kale , Sriram Vishwanath , Muriel Medard

Open-source Large Language models (OsLLMs) propel the democratization of natural language research by giving the flexibility to augment or update model parameters for performance improvement. Nevertheless, like proprietary LLMs, Os-LLMs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-16 Arijit Nag , Soumen Chakrabarti , Animesh Mukherjee , Niloy Ganguly