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In the realm of search systems, multi-stage cascade architecture is a prevalent method, typically consisting of sequential modules such as matching, pre-ranking, and ranking. It is generally acknowledged that the model used in the…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-05-10 Qihang Zhao , Rui-jie Zhu , Liu Yang , He Yongming , Bo Zhou , Luo Cheng

In real-world search, recommendation, and advertising systems, the multi-stage ranking architecture is commonly adopted. Such architecture usually consists of matching, pre-ranking, ranking, and re-ranking stages. In the pre-ranking stage,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2021-05-18 Xu Ma , Pengjie Wang , Hui Zhao , Shaoguo Liu , Chuhan Zhao , Wei Lin , Kuang-Chih Lee , Jian Xu , Bo Zheng

Scoring a large number of candidates precisely in several milliseconds is vital for industrial pre-ranking systems. Existing pre-ranking systems primarily adopt the \textbf{two-tower} model since the ``user-item decoupling architecture''…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2022-10-19 Xiangyang Li , Bo Chen , HuiFeng Guo , Jingjie Li , Chenxu Zhu , Xiang Long , Sujian Li , Yichao Wang , Wei Guo , Longxia Mao , Jinxing Liu , Zhenhua Dong , Ruiming Tang

Pre-ranking plays a crucial role in large-scale recommender systems by significantly improving the efficiency and scalability within the constraints of providing high-quality candidate sets in real time. The two-tower model is widely used…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-09-17 Chao Xiong , Xianwen Yu , Wei Xu , Lei Cheng , Chuan Yuan , Linjian Mo

Neural architecture search has recently attracted lots of research efforts as it promises to automate the manual design of neural networks. However, it requires a large amount of computing resources and in order to alleviate this, a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-27 Alina Dubatovka , Efi Kokiopoulou , Luciano Sbaiz , Andrea Gesmundo , Gabor Bartok , Jesse Berent

The two main tasks in the Recommender Systems domain are the ranking and rating prediction tasks. The rating prediction task aims at predicting to what extent a user would like any given item, which would enable to recommend the items with…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2018-08-07 Guy Hadash , Oren Sar Shalom , Rita Osadchy

Modern search systems use a multi-stage architecture to deliver personalized results efficiently. Key stages include retrieval, pre-ranking, full ranking, and blending, which refine billions of items to top selections. The pre-ranking…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-04-10 Sujay Khandagale , Bhawna Juneja , Prabhat Agarwal , Aditya Subramanian , Jaewon Yang , Yuting Wang

Industrial systems such as recommender systems and online advertising, have been widely equipped with multi-stage architectures, which are divided into several cascaded modules, including matching, pre-ranking, ranking and re-ranking. As a…

To balance effectiveness and efficiency in recommender systems, multi-stage pipelines commonly use lightweight two-tower models for large-scale candidate retrieval. However, the isolated two-tower architecture restricts representation…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Lixiang Wang , Shaoyun Shi , Peng Wang , Wenjin Wu , Peng Jiang

Industrial ranking systems, such as advertising systems, rank items by aggregating multiple objectives into one final objective to satisfy user demand and commercial intent. Cascade architecture, composed of retrieval, pre-ranking, and…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2022-11-04 Siyu Gu , Xiangrong Sheng

Two-tower models are a prevalent matching framework for recommendation, which have been widely deployed in industrial applications. The success of two-tower matching attributes to its efficiency in retrieval among a large number of items,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-12-01 Liangcai Su , Fan Yan , Jieming Zhu , Xi Xiao , Haoyi Duan , Zhou Zhao , Zhenhua Dong , Ruiming Tang

This paper addresses the efficiency challenge of Neural Architecture Search (NAS) by formulating the task as a ranking problem. Previous methods require numerous training examples to estimate the accurate performance of architectures,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-20 Chi Hu , Chenglong Wang , Xiangnan Ma , Xia Meng , Yinqiao Li , Tong Xiao , Jingbo Zhu , Changliang Li

Online display advertising platforms rely on pre-ranking systems to efficiently filter and prioritize candidate ads from large corpora, balancing relevance to users with strict computational constraints. The prevailing two-tower…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Haoqiang Yang , Congde Yuan , Kun Bai , Mengzhuo Guo , Wei Yang , Chao Zhou

Many latent (factorized) models have been proposed for recommendation tasks like collaborative filtering and for ranking tasks like document or image retrieval and annotation. Common to all those methods is that during inference the items…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2012-10-19 Jason Weston , John Blitzer

The conventional paradigm in neural question answering (QA) for narrative content is limited to a two-stage process: first, relevant text passages are retrieved and, subsequently, a neural network for machine comprehension extracts the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-08-13 Bernhard Kratzwald , Anna Eigenmann , Stefan Feuerriegel

To balance effectiveness and efficiency in recommender systems, multi-stage pipelines employ lightweight two-tower models for large-scale candidate retrieval. However, their isolated architecture inherently hampers representation capacity,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Lixiang Wang , Shaoyun Shi , Peng Wang , Wenjin Wu , Peng Jiang

Neural architecture search has been shown to hold great promise towards the automation of deep learning. However in spite of its potential, neural architecture search remains quite costly. To this point, we propose a novel gradient-based…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-02-18 Efi Kokiopoulou , Anja Hauth , Luciano Sbaiz , Andrea Gesmundo , Gabor Bartok , Jesse Berent

Recommender Systems (RS) aim to generate personalized ranked lists for each user and are evaluated using ranking metrics. Although personalized ranking is a fundamental aspect of RS, this critical property is often overlooked in the design…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-03-24 Sirui Chen , Shen Han , Jiawei Chen , Binbin Hu , Sheng Zhou , Gang Wang , Yan Feng , Chun Chen , Can Wang

With the rise of social networks, information on the internet is no longer solely organized by web pages. Rather, content is generated and shared among users and organized around their social relations on social networks. This presents new…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2020-05-12 Yunzhong He , Wenyuan Li , Liang-Wei Chen , Gabriel Forgues , Xunlong Gui , Sui Liang , Bo Hou

Modern edge data centers simultaneously handle multiple Deep Neural Networks (DNNs), leading to significant challenges in workload management. Thus, current management systems must leverage the architectural heterogeneity of new embedded…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-28 Andreas Karatzas , Dimitrios Stamoulis , Iraklis Anagnostopoulos
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