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We study the scalar stochastic gravitational-wave background (SGWB) from astrophysical sources, including compact binary mergers and stellar collapses, in the Bras-Dicke theory of gravity. By contrast to tensor waves, we found the scalar…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2019-03-04 Song Ming Du

We present a refined estimation of the stochastic gravitational wave background (SGWB) based on observed dual active galactic nuclei (AGNs) together with AGN X-ray luminosity functions, in light of recent Pulsar Timing Array detections of…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-01-14 Katsunori Kusakabe , Yoshiyuki Inoue , Daisuke Toyouchi

The astrophysical Stochastic Gravitational Wave Background (SGWB) originates from the mergers of compact binary objects that are otherwise undetected as individual events, along with other sources such as supernovae, magnetars, etc. The…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-11-01 Mohit Raj Sah , Suvodip Mukherjee

Stochastic gravitational-wave backgrounds (SGWBs) derive from the superposition of numerous individually unresolved gravitational-wave (GW) signals. Detecting SGWBs provides us with invaluable information about astrophysics, cosmology, and…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-09-26 Bei Zhou , Luca Reali , Emanuele Berti , Mesut Çalışkan , Cyril Creque-Sarbinowski , Marc Kamionkowski , B. S. Sathyaprakash

Gravitational wave (GW) radiations from numerous cosmic stellar-compact-binaries form a stochastic GW background (GWB), which is expected to be detected by ground and space GW detectors in future. Theoretical predictions of this GWB were…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2020-11-25 Yuetong Zhao , Youjun Lu

The detection of gravitational waves (GWs) has led to a deeper understanding of binaries of ordinary astrophysical objects, including neutron stars and black holes. In this work, we point out that binary systems may also exist in a dark…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2023-12-22 Yang Bai , Sida Lu , Nicholas Orlofsky

Context: The astrophysical gravitational wave background (AGWB) is a stochastic gravitational wave (GW) signal that is emitted by different populations of inspiralling binary systems containing compact objects throughout the Universe. In…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2024-10-16 Sophie Hofman , Gijs Nelemans

Pulsar timing arrays have found evidence for a low-frequency gravitational wave background (GWB). Assuming the GWB is produced by supermassive black hole binaries (SMBHBs), the next gravitational wave (GW) signals astronomers anticipate are…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2024-04-24 Emiko C. Gardiner , Luke Zoltan Kelley , Anna-Malin Lemke , Andrea Mitridate

The advent of gravitational wave (GW) and multi-messenger astronomy has stimulated the research on the formation mechanisms of binary black holes (BBHs) observed by LIGO/Virgo. In literature, the progenitors of these BBHs could be…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-03-28 Zu-Cheng Chen , Fan Huang , Qing-Guo Huang

In nonminimally coupled theories where a scalar field is coupled to the Ricci scalar, neutron stars (NSs) can have scalar charges through an interaction with matter mediated by gravity. On the other hand, the same theories do not give rise…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-03-03 Hiroki Takeda , Shinji Tsujikawa , Atsushi Nishizawa

The measurement of gravitational waves produced by binary black-hole mergers at the Advanced LIGO has encouraged extensive studies on the stochastic gravitational wave background. Recent studies have focused on gravitational wave sources…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2022-02-18 Wenfeng Cui , Fei Huang , Jing Shu , Yue Zhao

The nanohertz gravitational wave background (GWB) is believed to be dominated by GW emission from supermassive black hole binaries (SMBHBs). Observations of several dual active galactic nuclei (AGN) strongly suggest a link between AGN and…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2022-01-24 J. Andrew Casey-Clyde , Chiara M. F. Mingarelli , Jenny E. Greene , Kris Pardo , Morgan Nañez , Andy D. Goulding

With the continuous upgrade of detectors, more and more gravitational wave (GW) events were captured by the LIGO Scientific Collaboration and Virgo Collaboration (LVC), which offers a new avenue to test General Relativity and explore the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-11-17 Rui Niu , Xing Zhang , Bo Wang , Wen Zhao

The stochastic gravitational-wave background (SGWB) from eccentric stellar-mass binary black holes (SBBHs) holds crucial clues to their origins. For the first time, we employ a Bayesian framework to assess the detectability and…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-10-30 Zheng-Cheng Liang , Zhi-Yuan Li , Yi-Ming Hu

A large population of binary systems in the Universe emitting gravitational waves (GW) would produce a stochastic noise, known as the gravitational wave background (GWB). The properties of the GWB directly depend on the attributes of its…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-12-04 Mikel Falxa , Hippolyte Quelquejay Leclere , Alberto Sesana

In general relativity, a gravitational wave has two polarization modes (tensor mode), but it could have additional polarizations (scalar and vector modes) in the early stage of the universe, where the general relativity may not strictly…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2014-11-20 Atsushi Nishizawa , Atsushi Taruya , Seiji Kawamura

Recently, the NANOGrav, PPTA, EPTA, and CPTA collaborations independently reported their evidence of the Stochastic Gravitational Waves Background (SGWB). While the inferred gravitational-wave background amplitude and spectrum are…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-12-21 Yi-Fu Cai , Xin-Chen He , Xiao-Han Ma , Sheng-Feng Yan , Guan-Wen Yuan

The NANOGrav, PPTA, EPTA, CPTA and MPTA collaborations have reported compelling evidence for the existence of the Stochastic Gravitational-Wave Background (SGWB). This inferred background's amplitude and frequency spectrum align closely…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-07-08 Zhao-Qiang Shen , Guan-Wen Yuan , Yi-Ying Wang , Yuan-Zhu Wang , Yin-Jie Li , Yi-Zhong Fan

Analyzing test particles falling into a Kerr black hole, we study gravitational waves in Brans-Dicke theory of gravity. First we consider a test particle plunging with a constant azimuthal angle into a rotating black hole and calculate the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 Motoyuki Saijo , Hisa-aki Shinkai , Kei-ichi Maeda

We estimate the amplitude and spatial anisotropy in the stochastic gravitational wave background (SGWB) energy density due to compact binary coalescence (CBC) events: binary black holes (BBH), binary neutron stars (BNS), and black…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-11-17 K. Z. Yang , G. Cusin , V. Mandic , C. Scarlata , J. Suresh , B. Altieri , N. Auricchio , C. Baccigalupi , M. Baldi , S. Bardelli , A. Biviano , E. Branchini , M. Brescia , S. Camera , G. Cañas-Herrera , V. Capobianco , C. Carbone , J. Carretero , S. Casas , M. Castellano , G. Castignani , S. Cavuoti , K. C. Chambers , A. Cimatti , C. Colodro-Conde , G. Congedo , L. Conversi , Y. Copin , A. Costille , F. Courbin , H. M. Courtois , H. Degaudenzi , G. De Lucia , H. Dole , F. Dubath , X. Dupac , S. Dusini , S. Escoffier , M. Farina , R. Farinelli , F. Faustini , S. Ferriol , F. Finelli , P. Fosalba , N. Fourmanoit , M. Frailis , E. Franceschi , M. Fumana , S. Galeotta , K. George , B. Gillis , C. Giocoli , P. Gómez-Alvarez , J. Gracia-Carpio , A. Grazian , F. Grupp , S. V. H. Haugan , W. Holmes , F. Hormuth , A. Hornstrup , K. Jahnke , M. Jhabvala , B. Joachimi , E. Keihänen , S. Kermiche , A. Kiessling , B. Kubik , M. Kunz , H. Kurki-Suonio , A. M. C. Le Brun , S. Ligori , P. B. Lilje , V. Lindholm , I. Lloro , G. Mainetti , D. Maino , O. Mansutti , S. Marcin , O. Marggraf , M. Martinelli , N. Martinet , F. Marulli , E. Medinaceli , S. Mei , Y. Mellier , M. Meneghetti , E. Merlin , G. Meylan , A. Mora , M. Moresco , L. Moscardini , C. Neissner , S. -M. Niemi , C. Padilla , S. Paltani , F. Pasian , K. Pedersen , V. Pettorino , S. Pires , G. Polenta , M. Poncet , L. A. Popa , L. Pozzetti , F. Raison , A. Renzi , J. Rhodes , G. Riccio , E. Romelli , M. Roncarelli , R. Saglia , Z. Sakr , D. Sapone , B. Sartoris , M. Schirmer , P. Schneider , A. Secroun , E. Sefusatti , G. Seidel , S. Serrano , C. Sirignano , G. Sirri , L. Stanco , J. Steinwagner , P. Tallada-Crespí , A. N. Taylor , I. Tereno , N. Tessore , S. Toft , R. Toledo-Moreo , F. Torradeflot , I. Tutusaus , L. Valenziano , J. Valiviita , T. Vassallo , A. Veropalumbo , J. Weller , G. Zamorani , F. M. Zerbi , E. Zucca , T. Castro , J. García-Bellido , V. Scottez , M. Viel , P. Monaco
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