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Modeling human preferences is crucial for aligning foundation models with human values. Traditional reward modeling methods, such as the Bradley-Terry (BT) reward model, fall short in expressiveness, particularly in addressing intransitive…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-12 Yifan Zhang , Ge Zhang , Yue Wu , Kangping Xu , Quanquan Gu

Reward-guided text generation (RGTG) has emerged as a viable alternative to offline reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF). RGTG methods can align baseline language models to human preferences without further training like in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Ahmad Rashid , Ruotian Wu , Rongqi Fan , Hongliang Li , Agustinus Kristiadi , Pascal Poupart

The practical use of text-to-image generation has evolved from simple, monolithic models to complex workflows that combine multiple specialized components. While workflow-based approaches can lead to improved image quality, crafting…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-03 Rinon Gal , Adi Haviv , Yuval Alaluf , Amit H. Bermano , Daniel Cohen-Or , Gal Chechik

Reinforcement learning (RL) has emerged as a promising paradigm for enhancing image editing and text-to-image (T2I) generation. However, current reward models, which act as critics during RL, often suffer from hallucinations and assign…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Xiangyu Zhao , Peiyuan Zhang , Junming Lin , Tianhao Liang , Yuchen Duan , Shengyuan Ding , Changyao Tian , Yuhang Zang , Junchi Yan , Xue Yang

Text-to-3D generation automates 3D content creation from textual descriptions, which offers transformative potential across various fields. However, existing methods often struggle to align generated content with human preferences, limiting…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-10 Zhenglin Zhou , Xiaobo Xia , Fan Ma , Hehe Fan , Yi Yang , Tat-Seng Chua

Despite the rapid progress of text-to-image (T2I) models, generating images that accurately reflect complex compositional prompts (covering attribute bindings, object relationships, counting) still remains challenging. To address this, we…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Zhuohan Liu , Wujian Peng , Yitong Chen , Zuxuan Wu

Diffusion-based text-to-image (T2I) models have made remarkable progress in generating photorealistic and semantically rich images. However, when the target concepts lie in low-density regions of the training distribution, these models…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Kwanyoung Lee , SeungJu Cha , Yebin Ahn , Hyunwoo Oh , Sungho Koh , Dong-Jin Kim

Recent advances in human preference alignment have significantly improved multimodal generation and understanding. A key approach is to train reward models that provide supervision signals for preference optimization. However, existing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-26 Yibin Wang , Yuhang Zang , Hao Li , Cheng Jin , Jiaqi Wang

Text-to-image generative models excel in creating images from text but struggle with ensuring alignment and consistency between outputs and prompts. This paper introduces TextMatch, a novel framework that leverages multimodal optimization…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-28 Yucong Luo , Mingyue Cheng , Jie Ouyang , Xiaoyu Tao , Qi Liu

Learning reward models from human preference datasets and subsequently optimizing language models via reinforcement learning has emerged as a fundamental paradigm for aligning LLMs with human preferences. The performance of the reward model…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-12 Wenjie Qiu , Yi-Chen Li , Xuqin Zhang , Tianyi Zhang , Yihang Zhang , Zongzhang Zhang , Yang Yu

Fine-tuning text-to-image models with reward functions trained on human feedback data has proven effective for aligning model behavior with human intent. However, excessive optimization with such reward models, which serve as mere proxy…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-03 Kyuyoung Kim , Jongheon Jeong , Minyong An , Mohammad Ghavamzadeh , Krishnamurthy Dvijotham , Jinwoo Shin , Kimin Lee

Diffusion models and flow matching have demonstrated remarkable success in text-to-image generation. While many existing alignment methods primarily focus on fine-tuning pre-trained generative models to maximize a given reward function,…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-02-03 Yidong Ouyang , Liyan Xie , Hongyuan Zha , Guang Cheng

Autoregressive (AR) models are highly effective for image generation, yet their standard maximum-likelihood estimation training lacks direct optimization for sample quality and diversity. While reinforcement learning (RL) has been used to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Orhun Buğra Baran , Melih Kandemir , Ramazan Gokberk Cinbis

Text-to-image generative models, specifically those based on diffusion models like Imagen and Stable Diffusion, have made substantial advancements. Recently, there has been a surge of interest in the delicate refinement of text prompts.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-08 Wenyi Mo , Tianyu Zhang , Yalong Bai , Bing Su , Ji-Rong Wen , Qing Yang

Personalized image generation via text prompts has great potential to improve daily life and professional work by facilitating the creation of customized visual content. The aim of image personalization is to create images based on a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Mingxiao Li , Tingyu Qu , Tinne Tuytelaars , Marie-Francine Moens

Text-to-Image (T2I) diffusion models are widely recognized for their ability to generate high-quality and diverse images based on text prompts. However, despite recent advances, these models are still prone to generating unsafe images…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-06 Jiangweizhi Peng , Zhiwei Tang , Gaowen Liu , Charles Fleming , Mingyi Hong

Flow matching models (FMs) have revolutionized text-to-image (T2I) generation, with reinforcement learning (RL) serving as a critical post-training strategy for alignment with reward objectives. In this research, we show that current RL…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Fu-Yun Wang , Han Zhang , Michael Gharbi , Hongsheng Li , Taesung Park

Text-to-audio (T2A) generation has advanced considerably in recent years, yet existing methods continue to face challenges in accurately rendering complex text prompts, particularly those involving intricate audio effects, and achieving…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-03 Yi Gu , Yanqing Liu , Chen Yang , Sheng Zhao

Reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF) has emerged as a key technique for aligning the output of large language models (LLMs) with human preferences. To learn the reward function, most existing RLHF algorithms use the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-02-11 Kai Ye , Hongyi Zhou , Jin Zhu , Francesco Quinzan , Chengchun Shi

TIPO (Text-to-Image Prompt Optimization) introduces an efficient approach for automatic prompt refinement in text-to-image (T2I) generation. Starting from simple user prompts, TIPO leverages a lightweight pre-trained model to expand these…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Shih-Ying Yeh , Yi Li , Sang-Hyun Park , Giyeong Oh , Xuehai Wang , Min Song , Youngjae Yu , Shang-Hong Lai