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The increasing complexity and demand for faster, energy-efficient hardware designs necessitate innovative High-Level Synthesis (HLS) methodologies. This paper explores the potential of Large Language Models (LLMs) to streamline or replace…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-08-21 Yuchao Liao , Tosiron Adegbija , Roman Lysecky

Integrated Circuit (IC) verification consumes nearly 70% of the IC development cycle, and recent research leverages Large Language Models (LLMs) to automatically generate testbenches and reduce verification overhead. However, LLMs have…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Chang-Chih Meng , Yu-Ren Lu , Guan-Yu Lin , Tsung Tai Yeh , Kai-Chiang Wu , I-Chen Wu

Large language models (LLMs) are widely used in software development. However, the code generated by LLMs often contains vulnerabilities. Several secure code generation methods have been proposed to address this issue, but their current…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-14 Shih-Chieh Dai , Jun Xu , Guanhong Tao

Large Language Models (LLMs) have become increasingly popular for generating RTL code. However, producing error-free RTL code in a zero-shot setting remains highly challenging for even state-of-the-art LLMs, often leading to issues that…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-12-09 Mubashir ul Islam , Humza Sami , Pierre-Emmanuel Gaillardon , Valerio Tenace

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive capabilities in generating software code for high-level programming languages such as Python and C++. However, their application to hardware description languages, such as Verilog,…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-09-11 Yan Tan , Xiangchen Meng , Zijun Jiang , Yangdi Lyu

Recently, there has been a surging interest in using large language models (LLMs) for Verilog code generation. However, the existing approaches are limited in terms of the quality of the generated Verilog code. To address such limitations,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Bardia Nadimi , Hao Zheng

Achieving timing closure and design-specific optimizations in FPGA-targeted High-Level Synthesis (HLS) remains a significant challenge due to the complex interaction between architectural constraints, resource utilization, and the absence…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-25 Nowfel Mashnoor , Mohammad Akyash , Hadi Kamali , Kimia Azar

Limitations in Large Language Model (LLM) capabilities for hardware design tasks, such as generating functional Verilog codes, have motivated various fine-tuning optimizations utilizing curated hardware datasets from open-source…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-02 Sam Bush , Matthew DeLorenzo , Phat Tieu , Jeyavijayan Rajendran

Recent years have witnessed the growing popularity of domain-specific accelerators (DSAs), such as Google's TPUs, for accelerating various applications such as deep learning, search, autonomous driving, etc. To facilitate DSA designs,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-06 Yunsheng Bai , Atefeh Sohrabizadeh , Zongyue Qin , Ziniu Hu , Yizhou Sun , Jason Cong

Large language models (LLMs) have shown great potential for automatic code generation and form the basis for various tools such as GitHub Copilot. However, recent studies highlight that many LLM-generated code contains serious security…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-09-11 Hossein Hajipour , Lea Schönherr , Thorsten Holz , Mario Fritz

The ever-growing popularity of large language models (LLMs) has resulted in their increasing adoption for hardware design and verification. Prior research has attempted to assess the capability of LLMs to automate digital hardware design by…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-08-07 Sneha Swaroopa , Rijoy Mukherjee , Anushka Debnath , Rajat Subhra Chakraborty

Program synthesis has been long studied with recent approaches focused on directly using the power of Large Language Models (LLMs) to generate code. Programming benchmarks, with curated synthesis problems and test-cases, are used to measure…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-11-01 Jiawei Liu , Chunqiu Steven Xia , Yuyao Wang , Lingming Zhang

With Large Language Models (LLMs) recently demonstrating impressive proficiency in code generation, it is promising to extend their abilities to Hardware Description Language (HDL). However, LLMs tend to generate single HDL code blocks…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Jinwei Tang , Jiayin Qin , Kiran Thorat , Chen Zhu-Tian , Yu Cao , Yang , Zhao , Caiwen Ding

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated strong performance in generating code for general-purpose programming languages. However, their potential for hardware description languages (HDLs), such as SystemVerilog,…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-07-16 Arnav Sheth , Ivaxi Sheth , Mario Fritz

Logic synthesis is a crucial phase in the circuit design process, responsible for transforming hardware description language (HDL) designs into optimized netlists. However, traditional logic synthesis methods are computationally intensive,…

Real time data acquisition systems in nuclear science often rely on high-speed logic designs to reach the fast data rate requirements. They are mostly coded in a hardware description language (HDL). However, in recent years, high level…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2018-06-29 Tétrault Marc-André

Timely detection of hardware vulnerabilities during the early design stage is critical for reducing remediation costs. Existing early detection techniques often require specialized security expertise, limiting their usability. Recent…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-22 Xiang Long , Yingjie Xia , Xiyuan Chen , Li Kuang

Hardware generation languages (HGLs) increase hardware design productivity by creating parameterized modules and test benches. Unfortunately, existing tools are not widely adopted due to several demerits, including limited support for…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-09-12 Jintao Sun , Zeke Wang , Tao Lu , Wenzhi Chen

FPGAs provide highly parallel and customizable hardware solutions but are traditionally programmed using low-level Hardware Description Languages (HDLs) like VHDL and Verilog. These languages have a low level of abstraction and require…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-04-11 Hendrik Folmer

Machine Learning (ML) has been widely adopted in design exploration using high level synthesis (HLS) to give a better and faster performance, and resource and power estimation at very early stages for FPGA-based design. To perform…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-08-22 Zhigang Wei , Aman Arora , Ruihao Li , Lizy K. John