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Appropriate comments of code snippets provide insight for code functionality, which are helpful for program comprehension. However, due to the great cost of authoring with the comments, many code projects do not contain adequate comments.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2017-11-28 Wenhao Zheng , Hong-Yu Zhou , Ming Li , Jianxin Wu

Software development is a collaborative process that involves various interactions among individuals and teams. TODO comments in source code play a critical role in managing and coordinating diverse tasks during this process. However, this…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-03-20 Haoye Wang , Zhipeng Gao , Tingting Bi , John Grundy , Xinyu Wang , Minghui Wu , Xiaohu Yang

Context: Software systems are in continuous evolution through source code changes to fixing bugs, adding new functionalities and improving the internal architecture. All these practices are recorded in the version history, which can be…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-01-17 Leandro Ungari Cayres , Bruno Santos de Lima , Rogério Eduardo Garcia

Software engineering research has always being concerned with the improvement of code completion approaches, which suggest the next tokens a developer will likely type while coding. The release of GitHub Copilot constitutes a big step…

As an integral part of source code files, code comments help improve program readability and comprehension. However, developers sometimes do not comment on their program code adequately due to the incurred extra efforts, lack of relevant…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2019-07-31 Xiaotao Song , Hailong Sun , Xu Wang , Jiafei Yan

Commit messages are the atomic level of software documentation. They provide a natural language description of the code change and its purpose. Messages are critical for software maintenance and program comprehension. Unlike documenting…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-12-06 Eman Abdullah AlOmar , Jiaqian Liu , Kenneth Addo , Mohamed Wiem Mkaouer , Christian Newman , Ali Ouni , Zhe Yu

Code comments can help in program comprehension and are considered as important artifacts to help developers in software maintenance. However, the comments are mostly missing or are outdated, specially in complex software projects. As a…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-03-22 Ramin Shahbazi , Rishab Sharma , Fatemeh H. Fard

Currently, while software engineers write code for various modules, quite often, various types of errors - coding, logic, semantic, and others (most of which are not caught by compilation and other tools) get introduced. Some of these bugs…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-04-28 Anshul Tanwar , Krishna Sundaresan , Parmesh Ashwath , Prasanna Ganesan , Sathish Kumar Chandrasekaran , Sriram Ravi

Just-in-time defect prediction (JIT-DP) aims to predict the likelihood of code changes resulting in software defects at an early stage. Although code change metrics and semantic features have enhanced prediction accuracy, prior research has…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Feifei Niu , Junqian Shao , Christoph Mayr-Dorn , Liguo Huang , Wesley K. G. Assunção , Chuanyi Li , Jidong Ge , Alexander Egyed

Large language models (LLMs) have shown great potential in code-related tasks, yet open-source models lag behind their closed-source counterparts. To bridge this performance gap, existing methods generate vast amounts of synthetic data for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-06 Weijie Lv , Xuan Xia , Sheng-Jun Huang

Commit messages are valuable resources for describing why code changes are committed to repositories in version control systems (e.g., Git). They effectively help developers understand code changes and better perform software maintenance…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-09-22 Hongyu Kuang , Ning Zhang , Hui Gao , Xin Zhou , Wesley K. G. Assunção , Xiaoxing Ma , Dong Shao , Guoping Rong , He Zhang

Modern codebases evolve continuously: files are renamed or deleted; public APIs drift; behavior shifts within otherwise familiar modules. A model trained yesterday to map a developer's natural-language question to the exact set of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Pradeep Kumar Sharma , Ishaan Puri , Mantinder Jit Singh , Swapnil Shivaprasad , Hritvik Shrivastava

Nowadays, the correct use of cryptography libraries is essential to ensure the necessary information security in different kinds of applications. A common practice in software development is the use of static application security testing…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-07-08 Markus Haug Ana Cristina Franco Da Silva , Stefan Wagner

Automatic testing is a widely adopted technique for improving software quality. Software developers add, remove and update test methods and test classes as part of the software development process as well as during the evolution phase,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2017-09-27 Stanislav Levin , Amiram Yehudai

Comments in software are critical for maintenance and reuse. But apart from prescriptive advice, there is little practical support or quantitative understanding of what makes a comment useful. In this paper, we introduce the task of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2018-06-13 Annie Louis , Santanu Kumar Dash , Earl T. Barr , Charles Sutton

CodeChecker is an open source project that integrates different static analysis tools such as the Clang Static Analyzer and Clang-Tidy into the build systems, continuous integration loops, and development workflows of C++ programmers. It…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-08-06 Gabor Horvath , Reka Kovacs , Richard Szalay , Zoltan Porkolab , Gyorgy Orban , Daniel Krupp

Understanding the reasons behind past code changes is critical for many software engineering tasks, including refactoring and reviewing code, diagnosing bugs, and implementing new features. Unfortunately, locating and reconstructing this…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Mehedi Sun , Antu Saha , Nadeeshan De Silva , Antonio Mastropaolo , Oscar Chaparro

Software documentation frequently drifts from executable logic as codebases evolve, creating technical debt that degrades maintainability and causes downstream API misuse. While static analysis tools can detect the absence of documentation,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Sidhesh Badrinarayan , Adithya Parthasarathy

Knowledge Editing is a technique that updates large language models (LLMs) with new information to maintain their world knowledge. This approach avoids the need to rebuild the model from scratch, thereby addressing the high costs associated…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Changyue Wang , Weihang Su , Qingyao Ai , Yichen Tang , Yiqun Liu

We present a lightweight annotation tool, the Data AnnotatoR Tool (DART), for the general task of labeling structured data with textual descriptions. The tool is implemented as an interactive application that reduces human efforts in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-12-02 Ernie Chang , Jeriah Caplinger , Alex Marin , Xiaoyu Shen , Vera Demberg