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Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) leverage the graph structure to transmit information between nodes, typically through the message-passing mechanism. While these models have found a wide variety of applications, they are known to suffer from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-23 Hugh Blayney , Álvaro Arroyo , Xiaowen Dong , Michael M. Bronstein

Graph neural networks have shown significant success in the field of graph representation learning. Graph convolutions perform neighborhood aggregation and represent one of the most important graph operations. Nevertheless, one layer of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-21 Meng Liu , Hongyang Gao , Shuiwang Ji

Scalability of graph neural networks remains one of the major challenges in graph machine learning. Since the representation of a node is computed by recursively aggregating and transforming representation vectors of its neighboring nodes…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-10 Zengfeng Huang , Shengzhong Zhang , Chong Xi , Tang Liu , Min Zhou

Graph neural networks (GNNs) have achieved great success in many graph learning tasks. The main aspect powering existing GNNs is the multi-layer network architecture to learn the nonlinear graph representations for the specific learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-21 Beibei Wang , Bo Jiang

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have achieved state-of-the-art results on many graph analysis tasks such as node classification and link prediction. However, important unsupervised problems on graphs, such as graph clustering, have proved more…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-02 Anton Tsitsulin , John Palowitch , Bryan Perozzi , Emmanuel Müller

Subgraph classification is an emerging field in graph representation learning where the task is to classify a group of nodes (i.e., a subgraph) within a graph. Subgraph classification has applications such as predicting the cellular…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-19 Shweta Ann Jacob , Paul Louis , Amirali Salehi-Abari

Cross-graph node classification, utilizing the abundant labeled nodes from one graph to help classify unlabeled nodes in another graph, can be viewed as a domain generalization problem of graph neural networks (GNNs) due to the structure…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-26 Guanzi Chen , Jiying Zhang , Yang Li

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have become powerful tools for learning from graph-structured data, finding applications across diverse domains. However, as graph sizes and connectivity increase, standard GNN training methods face significant…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Eshed Gal , Moshe Eliasof , Carola-Bibiane Schönlieb , Ivan I. Kyrchei , Eldad Haber , Eran Treister

A common issue in Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) is known as over-smoothing. By increasing the number of iterations within the message-passing of GNNs, the nodes' representations of the input graph align with each other and become…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-22 Christian M. M. Frey , Yunpu Ma , Matthias Schubert

Graph neural networks (GNNs) have revolutionized the field of machine learning on non-Euclidean data such as graphs and networks. GNNs effectively implement node representation learning through neighborhood aggregation and achieve…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-30 Zehao Dong , Muhan Zhang , Yixin Chen

Graph neural networks (GNNs) are among the most powerful tools in deep learning. They routinely solve complex problems on unstructured networks, such as node classification, graph classification, or link prediction, with high accuracy.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-21 Maciej Besta , Torsten Hoefler

Graph convolutional network (GCN) is a powerful model studied broadly in various graph structural data learning tasks. However, to mitigate the over-smoothing phenomenon, and deal with heterogeneous graph structural data, the design of GCN…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-12-12 Jia Cai , Zhilong Xiong , Shaogao Lv

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have shown great success in various graph-based learning tasks. However, it often faces the issue of over-smoothing as the model depth increases, which causes all node representations to converge to a single…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-13 Xin He , Yili Wang , Wenqi Fan , Xu Shen , Xin Juan , Rui Miao , Xin Wang

Graph neural networks (GNNs), which propagate the node features through the edges and learn how to transform the aggregated features under label supervision, have achieved great success in supervised feature extraction for both node-level…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-11-01 Yilin He , Chaojie Wang , Hao Zhang , Bo Chen , Mingyuan Zhou

Graph convolutional networks (GCNs) have achieved remarkable learning ability for dealing with various graph structural data recently. In general, deep GCNs do not work well since graph convolution in conventional GCNs is a special form of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-08 Zhilong Xiong , Jia Cai

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have shown advantages in various graph-based applications. Most existing GNNs assume strong homophily of graph structure and apply permutation-invariant local aggregation of neighbors to learn a representation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-04 Tianmeng Yang , Yujing Wang , Zhihan Yue , Yaming Yang , Yunhai Tong , Jing Bai

Graph neural networks (GNNs) have emerged as a powerful tool for graph classification and representation learning. However, GNNs tend to suffer from over-smoothing problems and are vulnerable to graph perturbations. To address these…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-01 Yuzhou Chen , Baris Coskunuzer , Yulia R. Gel

Graph convolutional networks have been successfully applied in various graph-based tasks. In a typical graph convolutional layer, node features are updated by aggregating neighborhood information. Repeatedly applying graph convolutions can…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-11 Haimin Zhang , Min Xu , Guoqiang Zhang , Kenta Niwa

Over-smoothing remains a major challenge in Graph Neural Networks (GNNs), where repeated message passing causes node representations to converge and lose discriminative power. To address this, we propose a novel node selection strategy…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Hyunsik Yun

While Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have achieved remarkable success, their design largely relies on empirical intuition rather than theoretical understanding. In this paper, we present a comprehensive analysis of GNN behavior through three…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Qin Jiang , Chengjia Wang , Michael Lones , Wei Pang
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