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Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) has experienced a significant growth over the last few years. This is due to the widespread application of machine learning, particularly deep learning, that has led to the development of highly…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-10-13 Giulia Vilone , Luca Longo

As machine learning models become increasingly prevalent in medical diagnostics, the need for interpretability and transparency becomes paramount. The XAI Renaissance signifies a significant shift in the field, aiming to redefine the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-05 Sujith K Mandala

Explainable AI (XAI) has emerged as a powerful tool for improving the performance of AI models, going beyond providing model transparency and interpretability. The scarcity of labeled data remains a fundamental challenge in developing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-05 Melkamu Abay Mersha , Mesay Gemeda Yigezu , Atnafu Lambebo Tonja , Hassan Shakil , Samer Iskander , Olga Kolesnikova , Jugal Kalita

As computational systems supported by artificial intelligence (AI) techniques continue to play an increasingly pivotal role in making high-stakes recommendations and decisions across various domains, the demand for explainable AI (XAI) has…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-12-20 Muhammad Suffian , Ulrike Kuhl , Jose M. Alonso-Moral , Alessandro Bogliolo

End-to-end robot policies achieve high performance through neural networks trained via reinforcement learning (RL). Yet, their black box nature and abstract reasoning pose challenges for human-robot interaction (HRI), because humans may…

eXplainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) aims at providing understandable explanations of black box models. In this paper, we evaluate current XAI methods by scoring them based on ground truth simulations and sensitivity analysis. To this…

Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) is increasingly required in computational economics, where machine-learning forecasters can outperform classical econometric models but remain difficult to audit and use for policy. This survey…

General Economics · Economics 2025-12-16 Agustín García-García , Pablo Hidalgo , Julio E. Sandubete

Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) have revolutionized various fields by enabling task automation and reducing human error. However, their internal workings and decision-making processes remain obscure due to their black box nature. Consequently,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-26 Purushothaman Natarajan , Athira Nambiar

A pervasive design issue of AI systems is their explainability--how to provide appropriate information to help users understand the AI. The technical field of explainable AI (XAI) has produced a rich toolbox of techniques. Designers are now…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2021-09-07 Q. Vera Liao , Milena Pribić , Jaesik Han , Sarah Miller , Daby Sow

The increasing complexity of LLMs presents significant challenges to their transparency and interpretability, necessitating the use of eXplainable AI (XAI) techniques to enhance trustworthiness and usability. This study introduces a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-09 Melkamu Abay Mersha , Mesay Gemeda Yigezu , Hassan Shakil , Ali K. AlShami , Sanghyun Byun , Jugal Kalita

Neural network architectures are achieving superhuman performance on an expanding range of tasks. To effectively and safely deploy these systems, their decision-making must be understandable to a wide range of stakeholders. Methods to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-10-14 Scott Cheng-Hsin Yang , Tomas Folke , Patrick Shafto

Intrusion detection systems (IDSs) for 5G networks must handle complex, high-volume traffic. Although opaque "black-box" models can achieve high accuracy, their lack of transparency hinders trust and effective operational response. We…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Saeid Sheikhi , Panos Kostakos , Lauri Loven

Explainable AI(XAI)is a domain focused on providing interpretability and explainability of a decision-making process. In the domain of law, in addition to system and data transparency, it also requires the (legal-) decision-model…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2020-12-18 Lukasz Gorski , Shashishekar Ramakrishna , Jedrzej M. Nowosielski

Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) fills the role of a critical interface fostering interactions between sophisticated intelligent systems and diverse individuals, including data scientists, domain experts, end-users, and more. It…

The black-box nature of large language models (LLMs) necessitates the development of eXplainable AI (XAI) techniques for transparency and trustworthiness. However, evaluating these techniques remains a challenge. This study presents a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-14 Melkamu Abay Mersha , Mesay Gemeda Yigezu , Jugal Kalita

In healthcare, AI systems support clinicians and patients in diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring, but many systems' poor explainability remains challenging for practical application. Overcoming this barrier is the goal of explainable AI…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2022-10-10 Katharina Weitz , Alexander Zellner , Elisabeth André

The support of artificial intelligence (AI) based decision-making is a key element in future 6G networks, where the concept of native AI will be introduced. Moreover, AI is widely employed in different critical applications such as…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Abdul Karim Gizzini , Yahia Medjahdi , Ali J. Ghandour , Laurent Clavier

Non-technical end-users are silent and invisible users of the state-of-the-art explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) technologies. Their demands and requirements for AI explainability are not incorporated into the design and evaluation…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-02-16 Weina Jin , Jianyu Fan , Diane Gromala , Philippe Pasquier , Ghassan Hamarneh

Artificial intelligence (AI) enables machines to learn from human experience, adjust to new inputs, and perform human-like tasks. AI is progressing rapidly and is transforming the way businesses operate, from process automation to cognitive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-17 Ambreen Hanif

We share observations and challenges from an ongoing effort to implement Explainable AI (XAI) in a domain-specific workflow for cybersecurity analysts. Specifically, we briefly describe a preliminary case study on the use of XAI for source…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-08-12 Ashley Suh , Harry Li , Caitlin Kenney , Kenneth Alperin , Steven R. Gomez