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Fault-tolerant quantum computers compose elements of a discrete gate set in order to approximate a target unitary. The problem of minimising the number of gates is known as gate-synthesis. The approximation error is a form of coherent…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-04-12 Earl Campbell

Overcoming the influence of noise and imperfections in quantum devices is one of the main challenges for viable quantum applications. In this article, we present different protocols, which we denote as "superposed quantum error mitigation",…

We describe and expand upon the scalable randomized benchmarking protocol proposed in Phys. Rev. Lett. 106, 180504 (2011) which provides a method for benchmarking quantum gates and estimating the gate-dependence of the noise. The protocol…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-04-30 Easwar Magesan , Jay M. Gambetta , Joseph Emerson

Noise is both ubiquitous and generally deleterious in settings where precision is required. This is especially true in the quantum technology sector where system utility typically decays rapidly under its influence. Understanding the noise…

Quantum information processors promise fast algorithms for problems inaccessible to classical computers. But since qubits are noisy and error-prone, they will depend on fault-tolerant quantum error correction (FTQEC) to compute reliably.…

One of the main challenges in building a quantum processor is to characterize the environmental noise. Noise characterization can be achieved by exploiting different techniques, such as randomization where several sequences of random…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-11-04 Elena Ferraro , Marco De Michielis

Trapped-ion systems are a leading platform for quantum computing. The M{\o}lmer-S{\o}rensen (MS) gate is a widely used method for implementing controlled interactions in multipartite systems. However, due to unavoidable interactions with…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-14 Dharmaraj Ramachandran , Ganesh Hanchanahal , Radhika Vathsan

As present day quantum hardware is limited by various noise mechanisms, quantum advantage can only be reached in the near-term by designing noise-resilient quantum algorithms. In this work, we employ state-of-the-art quantum process…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-01 Maria Dinca , David J. Luitz , Maxime Debertolis

Gate-set tomography (GST) characterizes the process matrix of quantum logic gates, along with measurement and state preparation errors in quantum processors. GST typically requires extensive data collection and significant computational…

There is increasing interest in the development of gate-based quantum circuits for the training of machine learning models. Yet, little is understood concerning the parameters of circuit design, and the effects of noise and other…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-12-14 Patrick Selig , Niall Murphy , Ashwin Sundareswaran R , David Redmond , Simon Caton

Most near-term quantum information processing devices will not be capable of implementing quantum error correction and the associated logical quantum gate set. Instead, quantum circuits will be implemented directly using the physical native…

We present benchmarking results for single-qubit gates implemented on a neutral atom quantum processor using Direct Randomized Benchmarking (DRB) and Gate Set Tomography (GST). The DRB protocol involves preparing stabilizer states, applying…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-17 Artem Rozanov , Boris Bantysh , Ivan Bobrov , Gleb Struchalin , Stanislav Straupe

As far as we know, a useful quantum computer will require fault-tolerant gates, and existing schemes demand a prohibitively large space and time overhead. We argue that a first generation quantum computer will be very valuable to design,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-11-15 Pavithran S. Iyer , David Poulin

How to effectively construct robust quantum gates for time-varying noise is a very important but still outstanding problem. Here we develop a systematic method to find pulses for quantum gate operations robust against both low- and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-08-22 Chia-Hsien Huang , Hsi-Sheng Goan

In gate-defined quantum dot systems, the conductance change of electrostatically coupled sensor dots allows the observation of the quantum dots' charge and spin states. Therefore, the sensor dot must be optimally sensitive to changes in its…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2025-08-12 Fabian Hader , Jan Vogelbruch , Simon Humpohl , Tobias Hangleiter , Chimezie Eguzo , Stefan Heinen , Stefanie Meyer , Stefan van Waasen

Any technology requires precise benchmarking of its components, and the quantum technologies are no exception. Randomized benchmarking allows for the relatively resource economical estimation of the average gate fidelity of quantum gates…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-08-14 E. Onorati , A. H. Werner , J. Eisert

State-of-the-art noisy-intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) processors are currently implemented across a variety of hardware platforms, each with their own distinct gatesets. As such, circuit compilation should not only be aware of, but also…

With the current interest in building quantum computers, there is a strong need for accurate and efficient characterization of the noise in quantum gate implementations. A key measure of the performance of a quantum gate is the minimum gate…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-08-26 Yiping Lu , Jun Yan Sim , Jun Suzuki , Berthold-Georg Englert , Hui Khoon Ng

Contemporary methods for benchmarking noisy quantum processors typically measure average error rates or process infidelities. However, thresholds for fault-tolerant quantum error correction are given in terms of worst-case error rates --…

Quantum characterization, validation, and verification (QCVV) techniques are used to probe, characterize, diagnose, and detect errors in quantum information processors (QIPs). An important component of any QCVV protocol is a mapping from…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-09-02 Travis L. Scholten , Yi-Kai Liu , Kevin Young , Robin Blume-Kohout